Volume 6 Issue 2

Md. Rashedul Islam, Md. Rabiul Haque, Md. Shahidul Islam

Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali- 8602, Bangladesh

The study was conducted for surveillance of mycoplasmosis in cased layer birds in the coastal region Patuakhali, Barguna and Vola districts of Bangladesh. The study was performed using cultural, morphological, biochemical, serological, agglutination test, pathogenicity and antibiotic sensitivity tests. A total of 75 tracheal swab samples were collected (25 from each breed group). Of the 75 samples, 45 were found positive for Mycoplasma gallicepticum isolation in PPLO ager, Heart infusion peptone broth and tested by serum agglutination plate. The rates of isolation of Mycoplasma gallicepticum were 27%, 23%, 22% from layer, sonali layer, and indigenous layer respectively. Over-all survillence of Mycoplasma gallicepticum was 72% (45 out of 75 samples). Area basis prevalence was found 64%, 71% and 65% at Patuakhali, Barguna and Vola respectively. In case of Toxin profile bacterial products (Bacteria, Toxin and Bacteria+ Toxin) of multidrug sensitive and resistant Mycoplasma gallicepticum isolates of three breeds of three different areas were inoculated orally to a total of 120 day-old layer chicks. No mortality found indicating that the isolates were non-pathogenic. The antibiogram profile revealed that, Gentamycin (89.55%) and Kanamycin (86.57%) were sensitive, Cephalexin was intermediately sensitive, Ciprofloxacin was less sensitive. Amoxicillin and Tetracycline were completely resistant, whereas Cephradin (79.10%) and streptomycin (80.60%) were more or less resistant. Considering all the matters it can be concluded non-pathogenic, multidrug resistant Mycoplasma gallicepticum is prevailing in apparently healthy layer birds, which may become a big threat for poultry industry and as well as for human health.

Keywords: Mycoplasma, Cased layer, Sonali, Indigenous bird, Antibiotic sensitivity, Antibiotic resistance.

Corresponding author: Md. Rashedul Islam
E-mail address: rashedvet10@gmail.com

Cite this article: Islam, M.R., Haque, M.R. & Islam M.S. (2020). Surveillance of mycoplasmosis in cased layer birds in the coastal region of Bangladesh. International Journal of Applied Research, 6 (2): 01-15. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4056838

M. A. H. Pramanik¹, S. D. Chowdhury²,  B. C. Roy³,  M.T. Khatun¹ and S. Biswas¹

¹Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh
²Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
³M. M. Agah Ltd., Chattagram, Bangladesh

Among the industrial sectors upon which the economic development of Bangladesh depends, poultry are the most vital and prominent one. Poultry is obviously a very important and promising sector for economic development. The sources of animal protein in Bangladesh are mainly beef, cheavon, mutton and chicken meat, among them chicken is most popular and common source of meat which can be commonly produced within shortest possible time and can effectively bridge up this nutritional gap at faster time. No such research work has been performed with the effect of body weight at maturity on fertility and hatchability traits in case of broiler parent stock in Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted for 20 weeks (22-42 weeks of age). There were three treatment and each treatments had tree replications. Each replication contained 12 hens and 2 males. The treatments were considered as over-weight, standard weight and under-weight group of matured broiler birds. For each strain similar treatment and replication were arranged. For both the strains similar number birds were managed the numbers of birds were 126 for each strain. The original source of the birds was the reputed hatcheries in the Thailand. The birds were procured from the above mention hatcheries through their respective representatives in Bangladesh. The standard body weight group performed better in relation to fertility and hatchability and also in other hatchability traits. Such body weight group should be maintaining under Bangladesh conditions to obtain good potentiality from broiler parents.

Keywords: Body weight, Maturity, Fertility, Hatchability, Parent stock, Broiler.

Corresponding author: M. A. H.  Pramanik
E-mail address: mahmizan@gmail.com

Cite this article: Pramanik, M. A. H., Chowdhury, S. D., Roy, B. C., Khatun, M.T. & Biswas, S.  (2020). Effect of body weight at maturity on fertility and hatchability traits of broiler parent stock. International Journal of Applied Research, 6 (2): 16-25. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4063702.

Esita Ghosh and Imam Hossain

Department of Statistics, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh

About half of the total population of Bangladesh is women. Most of them are working at various job fields now and facing lot of problem in forwarding. Now a days women are engaging many kinds of job and often which is the only source of income of her family. This study examines the effect of different problems faced by the working women in their job field. Most of them are not fully satisfied with their salary some are facing physical assault or harassment at their work place or at road. Most of them are not getting proper transportation facilities. Most of the problems faced by the women arises at ready-made garments sectors. The women who are working at the industry, bank, hospital, office, engineering farm, school, college also faced similar or less similar kind of problems. They are discriminated by the male less or more at the entire working sector. From the bivariate analysis it was observed that Job place, Salary, Much time stay in job, Night duty, Educational qualification have significant relation with the job doing by the female workers. To overcome the barriers respective authorities should take appreciate measures considering the factors observed by this study and others which must be needed for the improvement of women’s employment.

Keywords: Women, job, market, experience, discrimination, alleviation.

Corresponding author: Esita Ghosh
E-mail address: esita.mim@gmail.com

Cite this article: Ghosh, E. & Hossain, I. (2020). Status and experience of women worker in job market of Bangladesh. International Journal of Applied Research, 6 (2): 26-32. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4274074.

Khalifah Ali¹*, Haithem Ali Mohamed Ahmed Farghali² and Ashraf Ali Eldesoky Shamaa²

¹Public Authority for Agriculture Affairs and Fish Resources – Kuwait City, Kuwait
²Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt

Numerous surgical affections are common among sheep and goats in different localities all over the world which may cause economic losses and most of these affections are curable. This study is especially for eye injuries in sheep and goats, which were recorded in two year from October 2017 to October 2019 in different farms belonging to Public authority for agriculture affairs and fish resources – Kuwait City, Kuwait. Thirteen different surgical affections were recorded in sheep and 11 in goat. In sheep keratoconjunctivitis, pick eye and hyphemai were the highest (12.90%) affection followed by 9.68% affection of coreal dermoid cyst, nictate gland and cherry eye. In goat Keratoconjuctivitis was recorded as highest (20%) eye affections followed by eye tumor (13.33%), pink eye, cherry eye, hyphemai, corneal dermoid cyst and nictate gland (each 10%).  Cataract was found in both sheep and goat with 6.45 & 6.67% respectively. However Keratoconjuctivitis was the most common eye surgical affection in both sheep and goat in Kuwait city.

Keywords: Eye affections, Sheep, Goat, Kuwait.

Corresponding author: Khalifah Ali
E-mail address: vet-1@live.com

Cite this article: Ali, K., Farghali, H.A.M.A. & Shamaa, A.A.E. (2020). Eye affections in sheep and goats in state of Kuwait. International Journal of Applied Research, 6 (2): 33-37. 10.5281/zenodo.4276108.

Md. Zahid Hossain¹, Md. Samiul Haque²*, Md. Raihan Nabi³, Mst. Kamrunnaher Akter⁴, Md. Mostafizer Rahman¹, Rowshan Akter¹

¹Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
²Senior Veterinary Surgeon, Obhoyaronno- Bangladesh Animal welfare Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
³Veterinary Surgeon, Upazilla Livestock Office, Naogaon Sadar, Naogaon, Bangladesh
⁴Veterinary Surgeon, Upazilla Livestock Office, Adamdighi, Bogra, Bangladesh

The present study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize the bacterial pathogens present in feces of tiger and lion of Dhaka Zoo and their antimicrobial activities during the period from July to December 2013. 42 (twice from 6 tiger and 15 lion) faecal samples were collected from the cages of animals just after defecation and brought to the Microbiology laboratory of the Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology Universiy, Dinajpur for bacteriological examination. Isolation and identification of the microorganisms were performed by their morphology on different cultural media, staining characteristics and biochemical tests. Then, the isolated bacteria were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility analyzed by the online software ABIS Encyclopedis/tgw1916, 2014 and detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for molecular detection of E. coli,  Salmonella and Staphylococcus sp. Out of 42 samples 17 (40.47%) samples were positive for E. coli, 15 (35.71%) samples were positive for Salmonella sp, 18 (42.85%) samples were positive for Staphylococcus sp. The antibiogram study revealed that most of the E. coli, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were resistant to Doxycycline, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Neomycin, Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Levofloxacin and Tetracycline. However, most of the E. coli, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were susceptible to Neomycin, Gentamicin and Colistine sulphate which indicate that the use of these antimicrobial may be chosen in clinical control of Salmonella, E. coli, and Staphylococcus sp infection. PCR results confirmed 7 (3 E. coli and 4 Salmonella) isolates out of 11 in tiger and lion. Most of the isolates have zoonotic importance and confirmed the presence of either commensal or pathogenic for tiger and lion in zoo.

Keywords: Antibiotic sensitivity, Bacteria, Dhaka Zoo, Tiger, Lion.

Corresponding author: Md. Samiul Haque
E-mail address: vetsamiulhstu@gmail.com

Cite this article: Hossain, M. Z., Haque, M. S. Nabi, M. R., Akter, M. K., Rahman, M. M. & Akter, R. (2020). Detection and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from tiger and lion in Dhaka Zoo. International Journal of Applied Research, 6 (2): 38-45. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4288788 .

Herman Marius Biekop Fandio¹, Marc Kenmogne Kouam¹, Gabriel Tchuente Kamsu³, Jean Baptiste Sokoudjou³, Nanette Larissa Mvodo Kombo¹, Bridget Katte¹, Alexis Teguia²

¹Physiology and Animal Health Research Unit, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 188, Dschang, Cameroon
²Animal Production and Nutrition research unit, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 188, Dschang, Cameroon
³Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

Antioxidants are substances which are capable of protecting the body from damages caused by free radicals. A variety of free radical scavenging antioxidants exists in the body and many of them are derived from plant sources. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of the absolute ethanolic extract of Zehneria scabra leaves on Salmonella enteritidis infected quails. Salmonella enteritidis infected quails were treated every day with different doses of plant extract (9, 18 and 37 mg/ kg or oxytetracyclin 20 mg/ kg). After 12 days of treatment, the results showed that the different doses of this extract contributed in curing the infected quails, healing marked by the absence of Salmonella in animal’s cloacal swabs cultured on SS Agar. On the other hand, treatment with different doses of plant extract resulted in a relative and significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the level of tissues antioxidant parameters such as CAT, SOD, POD, MDA and NO as compared to the animals of the negative control group. These results showed that the absolute ethanolic extract of Z. scabra leaf possess antioxidant and antisalmonellal properties necessary to eradicate the free radical produced during avian salmonellosis infection.

Keywords: Zehneria scabra, Avian Salmonellosis, Antioxidant Activity, Oxidative Stress.

Corresponding author: Biekop Fandio Herman Marius
E-mail address: vetsamiulhstu@gmail.com

Cite this article: Biekop, F.H.M., Kouam, M.K., Kamsu, T.G., Sokoudjou, J.B., Mvodo, K.N.L., Katte, B. & Teguia A. (2020). In vivo antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Zehneria scabra leaves on Salmonella enteritidis infected quails. International Journal of Applied Research, 6 (2): 46-53. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4294749 .

Mohammed M. Alameer, Khalid M.S. Sharkhan, Mohammed O. Almalkey, Salem A. Alghamdi, Ameen A. Ali, Ameen H. Alansari, Abdullsalam S. Alsaedi, Tareq M. Alsobhi, Fahad S. Alsobhi, Mohammed A. Boties, Aied A. Almalkey, Faisal F. Almujnoony, Hamza H. Ukal, Ala M. Saif, Rayan K.Qasim, Hisham E. Alyamani, Naif J. Alzahrani, Hani S. Moujald, Naif G. Allahyani, Abdullhadi A. Alqurashi, Fahad  B. Alharbi, Abdullah S. Abdullah, Hani M.S. Sharkhan, Ayman H. Abdullraheem

Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

In developing countries, accreditation is increasingly being used as a tool for government regulation to guarantee quality of healthcare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of accreditation programs on the quality of healthcare services on males and females with their level of satisfaction in five primary health centers (PHC) situated in Makkah city.  It also aims to determine the health services preferred by the respondents of both genders in these five centers after obtaining quality standards recently. The study selected five healthcare centers namely prosperous Al-Zahir PHC, Al-Nuwaria PHC, Al-Adel PHC, Al-Aziza PHC, Kuwdi and Al-Hijra PHC These the five healthcare centers obtained accreditation of quality by the Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI) in Saudi Arabia. The current study included 250 reviewers, which represent a random sample of the population in the holy capital city. Where 50 questionnaires were distributed to each of these centers (25 male and 25 female) to see their complaints and to know trends and opinions about the service provided for them from the healthcare centers. It was observed from the study that the health centers who obtained accreditation improved the health services leading to the reduction of medical problems and errors, and the improvement and development of the work environment.

Keywords: Heath care centers, Health service, Accreditation, Saudi Arabia.

Corresponding author: Mohammed M. Alameer
E-mail address: moh9746@gmail.com

Cite this article: Alameer M.M. et al. (2020). Effectiveness of health services after obtaining accreditation of quality in health centers of Makkah city. International Journal of Applied Research, 6 (2): 54-58. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4298861.

MA Hossain*¹, M S Islam², M Rashiduzzaman² and A Akhtar³

¹Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
²Palli Daridra Bimochon Foundation (PDBF), Dhaka, Bangladesh
³Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Bangladesh

The present piece of research work was conducted to aim at the physical characteristics of Jalali pigeons. Twenty pairs of Jalali pigeons were reared in scavenging rural condition in Sirajganj Sadar, Pangasi and Kazipur upazila. Mean body length, wing span, shank length, bill length and head length of mature Jalali pigeon were 34.33±0.12, 64.75±0.18, 3.14±0.02, and 2.05±0.01 and 3.69±0.02 cm, respectively. Average body weight of Jalali pigeon at 3-days, 15- days, 1-month and 5-months of age were 33.69±0.49, 246.53±2.41, 316.06±1.25 and 344.80±2.96 g, respectively. The egg weight, egg length and width, hatching period, fledging period and interclutch period of Jalali pigeon were 16.29±0.08 g, 3.84±0.01 and 2.88±0.01 cm, 2.88±0.01, 18.25±0.09, 36.00±0.22  and 30.12±0.74 days, respectively. Morphometric correlation among body length, wing span, shank length and weight of mature Jalali pigeon ranged from 0.245 to 0.781. Morphometric correlation among body weights at 3-days, 15-days, 1- month and 5-months of age of Jalali pigeon ranged from 0.557 to 0.781. Morphometric correlation among egg weight, egg length and egg width of Jalali pigeon ranged from 0.000 to 0.833.  The study revealed that there is possibility to improve the Jalali pigeon through proper selection program and other relevant breeding strategies which can increase the productivity of the pigeons. Hence, the present piece of study was undertaken to aim at the physical characteristics, productive and reproductive performances of Jalali pigeons and as a genetics resource, it is inevitably necessary for the Jalali pigeon to be conserved in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Jalali pigeon, physical characteristics, Correlation, Conservation, productive and reproductive performance.

Corresponding author: M.A. Hossain
E-mail address: anwar.kbd82@gmail.com

Cite this article: Hossain, M.A., Islam, M. S., Rashiduzzaman, M. & Akhtar A. (2020). Physical characteristics, productive and reproductive performance of Jalali pigeon at Sirajganj district. International Journal of Applied Research, 6 (2): 59-64. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4355637 .

Nawaf N Ahmed*, Hani M Alqurashi, Hisham N Awlia et al.

Ministry of health, Makah, Saudi Arabia

It is well-known that public health education plays a crucial role in the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases like corona-19. This study aims to evaluate the impact of health education in Makkah city during covid-19 pandemic (This study explores the impact of health education on people knowledge and behaviors toward corora virus and determines the factors affecting covid-19 knowledge and behaviors among people in Makkha City). A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in nine public health centre (PHC) in holy Mokkah city, Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2013. Nine PHCs representing west, east, south ,and north of the city of Makkah Al-Mukarramah,The health centers that were randomly selected are as follows (Al-Iskan PHC, Al-Muqrah PHC, Al-Hindawiyah PHC, Al-Maabdah PHC, Hadda PHC,Jarwal PHC , Al-Nawaria PHC, Al-Shara’a 7 PHC, and Al-Malawi PHC. 450 questionnaires were distributed to the participants (225 questioners for both genders).  Data collection included the following: (1) sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, (2) effect of educational method on knowledge and behaviors toward Covid-19. Gender and education level affected participant behaviors toward covid-19. The study outcome will help the health policy makers to take appropriate measures to prevention and control of Covid-15 in Saudi Arabia.

Keywords: Health education, Corona virus, Covid-19, Prevention, Makkah city.

Corresponding author: Nawaf N Ahmed
E-mail address: drnawaf123@gmail.com

Cite this article: Ahmed, N.N., Alqurashi, H.M. & Awlia, H.N. et al. (2020). Impact of health education programs on prevention of Coronavirus in Makkah city. International Journal of Applied Research, 6 (2): 59-64. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4638383.

Md. Zakir Hossain¹, K.M. Hasanuzzaman², Md. Aktarul Islam³, Md. Atikur Rahman⁴, Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman⁵, Syed Zillul Bary⁶.

¹Regional Wheat Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rajshahi
²Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh
³Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh
⁴Barind Multipurpose Development Authority, Rajshahi
⁵Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh
⁶Barind Multipurpose Development Authority, Rajshahi

A research work was conducted on buried pipe distribution systems in two different DTW irrigation schemes located in the villages of Dhitpur and Chongachain the sadar upazilla of Sirajganj district. The main objectives of the study were to determine and compare the head loss characteristics of flow through buried pipes made of cement concrete pipe and having different diameters. Air vents of the buried pipe were used as piezometers for the calculation of hydraulic grade line along the pipe length. The flow rate was measured by a cutthroat flume, placed in the open channel several meters away from the outlet of the buried pipe. This work shows that hydraulic properties of buried pipe such as frictional, entrance and exit losses, as well as friction factor are nonlinearly related to velocity of flow. Frictional, entrance and exit losses, as well as friction factor are significantly smaller in a large diameter pipe compared a small diameter pipe of same material for the same velocity of flow. This study reveals that, for a given velocity, the energy losses are significantly smaller in a large diameter pipe compared a small diameter pipe of same material. Exit loss is greater than the entrance loss except very low flow rates. This study suggests that, as the loss of head in a large diameter pipe compared a small diameter pipe of CC pipes, the former is particularly suitable for long buried pipe lines.

Keywords: Buried pipe, head loss, open channel, velocity, entrance loss and exit loss.

Corresponding author: M. Z. Hossain
E-mail address: zakzuberi@gmail.com

Cite this article: Hossain, M.Z., Hasanuzzaman, K.M., Islam, M.A., Rahman, M.A., Rahman, M.A. & Bary, S.Z. (2020). A comparative study on head loss characteristics of same pipe material with different diameters in buried pipe distribution system. International Journal of Applied Research, 6 (2): 71-78. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5084139.

Khalid I Alsharif, Mazen A Misha, Abdullaziz S Imam, Ahmad A Alharbi, Ahmad A Alsolami, Mamdooh S Alateeq, Mohammed A Nasif, Ghaday A Zaylaee, Hussain H Alkaf, Embarak I Alsharif, Abdullah M Alahmadi, Yasser K Alghamdi, Faisal J Allogmani, Alaa O Alsayed, Faris J Alsaeedi, Fahad M Almazroeye, Abdulrahman M Alrezqi, Abdullatif D Alharbi, Saeed M Almuntasheri, Ahmad M Almahmadi, Khalid M Alqarni, Adil F Almatrafi, Ali M Almuntasheri, Amer N Albarakati, Majed J Alsaeedi,Talaat A Munshi, Jubeer K Alhudali, Yaya A Allugmani, Khalaf T Alsolami, Saad B Alsaedi, Addel M Ashei

Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

The study aims to assess the acceptance or refusal to take the Novel Coronavirus Vaccine by the residence of Makkah city. The study was conducted online where the researchers made an electronic questionnaire distributed among the population, considering not to include those who have any ties with health sectors, pharmaceuticals, vaccine companies, or Local and international Food and Drug authorities. The researcher and his colleagues distributed the electronic questionnaire by phone, online contacts, and social networks. More than 1000 respondents (random sample) aged 16 and above from different backgrounds and neighborhoods were contacted within Makkah, and 450 responses were obtained due to the difficulties of conducting in-person interviews during social distance regulations. The responses were taken from those who had not previously been vaccinated.

Keywords: Covid-19, coronavirus-19, Makkah, Vaccine.

Corresponding author: Khalid I Alsharif
E-mail address: alsharif.tqm@gmail.com

Cite this article: Alsharif, K. I. et al. (2020). Covid-19 Vaccine acceptance or refugal among the residents of Makkah Al Mukarramah. International Journal of Applied Research, 7 (1): 79-82. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5764698.