Effect of variety and depth of placement of urea super granule on the yield and yield components of boro rice |
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| Md. Anowerul Islam, Md. Faridul Islam, Jubaidur Rahman, Md. Abdur Rahman Sarkar, Md. Razibur Rahman; Pages: 01-06 Md. Anowerul Islam1, Md. Faridul Islam2, Jubaidur Rahman3, Md. Abdur Rahman Sarkar3, Md. Razibur Rahman5 1Department of Agricultural Extension, Kaliganj, Satkhira-9440, Bangladesh An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from December 2008 to May 2009 to study the effect of variety and depth of placement of urea super granules (USG) on the yield and yield components of Boro rice. The experiment consisted of two variety namely, BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 and three depths of placement of USG viz. 3 cm, 6 cm and 9 cm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Higher grain yield (5.03 t ha-1) was obtained from BRRI dhan29 than from BRRI dhan28 (4.30 t ha-1). The highest grain yield (5.16 t ha-1) was obtained with the placement of USG at 6 cm depth and the lowest (4.11 t ha-1) at 3 cm depth. Grain yield was also affected by the interaction of variety and depth of placement of USG. The highest grain yield (5.95 t ha-1) was found in BRRI dhan29 fertilized with 6 cm depth of placement of USG and the lowest grain yield (3.15 t ha-1) was found in BRRI dhan28 with 3 cm depth of placement of USG. Performance of BRRI dhan29 was better than that of BRRI dhan28 in the Boro season. USG gave better performance in respect of grain yield when placed at 6 cm depth. Hence, it is expected that USG may enable small scale rice farmers to apply one granule in the centre of 4 hills of two adjacent rows. Among the depth of placement of USG, 6 cm depth gave better performance in respect of grain yield. Key words: Boro rice, variety, urea super granule, yield. Cite this article: Islam, M.A., Islam, M.F., Rahman, J., Sarkar, M.A.R., & Rahman, M.R. (2017). Effect of variety and depth of placement of urea super granule on the yield and yield components of boro rice. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 3, 1, 01-06. |
Effect of variety and spacing of transplanting on the yield and yield components of boro rice |
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| Md. Anowerul Islam, Md. Faridul Islam, Jubaidur Rahman, Md. Abdur Rahman Sarkar, Md. Razibur Rahman; Pages: 07-12 Md. Anowerul Islam1, Md. Faridul Islam2, Jubaidur Rahman2, Md. Abdur Rahman Sarkar3, Md. Razibur Rahman4 1Department of Agricultural Extension, Kaliganj, Satkhira-9440, Bangladesh An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from December 2008 to May 2009 to study the effect of variety and spacing of transplanting on the yield and yield components of Boro rice. The experiment consisted of two variety namely, BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 and four spacings viz. 25 cm × 10 cm, 25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 20 cm and 25 cm × 25 cm. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Higher grain yield (5.03 t ha-1) was obtained from BRRI dhan29 than from BRRI dhan28 (4.30 t ha-1). Spacing of transplanting at 25 cm × 15 cm gave the highest grain yield (5.39 t ha-1) and the lowest grain yield (4.18 t ha-1) was found in 25 cm × 10 cm spacing of transplanting. The highest grain yield (5.95 t ha-1) was found in BRRI dhan29 coupled with 25 cm × 15 cm spacing of transplanting and the lowest grain yield (3.15 t ha-1) was found in BRRI dhan28 coupled with 25 cm × 10 cm spacing of transplanting. Performance of BRRI dhan29 was better than that of BRRI dhan28 in the Boro season. Among the different spacings of transplanting, 25 cm × 15 cm gave better performance. Transplanting with 25 cm × 15 cm spacing appeared as the promising practice in Boro rice cultivation in terms of yield. Key words: Boro rice, variety, spacing, yield. Cite this article: Islam, M.A., Islam, M.F., Rahman, J., Sarkar, M.A.R., & Rahman, M.R. (2017). Effect of variety and spacing of transplanting on the yield and yield components of boro rice. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 3, 1, 07-12. |
Pathological investigation of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in Sonali chicken at Gaibandha district of Bangladesh |
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| Md. Abdur Rouf, Md. Shahadat Hossain, Md. Mahabub Hasan, Md. Raihan Nabi, Md. Muklesur Rahman, S.M. Harun-ur- Rashid; Pages: 13-18 Md. Abdur Rouf1, Md. Shahadat Hossain2, Md. Mahabub Hasan1, Md. Raihan Nabi3, Md. Muklesur Rahman4, S.M. Harun-ur- Rashid1 1Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh The study was designed to investigate prevalence and pathology of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) of Sonali chicken at different upazila in Gaibandha Distict of Bangladesh in a short six month duration starting from Janury to June 2014. Eight sonali chicken farms with sum of 3230 birds of various age groups from four different upazila like Sadar, Palashbari, Suddulapur and Gobindogonj were suspected for Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). On the basis of detail about farm history, clinical signs and postmortem investigation of infected chicks, the prevalence of IBD was 10%, 10.95%, 7.89% and 12% in Sadar, Palashbari, Suddulapur and Gobindogonj upazila respectively with an overall prevalence 10.21% at Gaibandha district. The prevalence of IBD in sonali chickens was the highest (11.98%) at 4th week of age and the lowest (7.88%) at 6th week of age. No sonali chick was identified as positive for IBD in their first two weeks of age. The highest mortality was observed at Gobindogonj upazila (5%) and the lowest (3.80%) at Palashbari upazila with total mortality rate 4.19%. The necropsy findings of infected chicks revealed haemorrhages on thigh and brest muscles; enlarged, edematous, hyperemic and haemorrhagic Bursa of Fabricious followed by atrophy. In some cases kidneys were found swollen. Severe lymphoid depletion and reactive cells infiltration in the interfollicular space were found in histopathological studies by using H & E stain. Therefore, it was concluded that susceptibility of chicks to IBD is influenced by its age. Ruffled feather, depression, whitish diarrhoea with haemorrhagic muscles and inflammed, edematous, hyperemic Bursa of Fabricious is attributable to Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). Key words: Diseases investigation, Infectious Bursal Disease, Sonali chicken. Cite this article: Rouf, M.A., Hossain, M.S., Hasan, M.M., Nabi, M.R., Rahman, M.M. & Harun-ur-Rashid, S.M. (2017). Pathological investigation of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in Sonali chicken at Gaibandha district of Bangladesh. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 3, 1, 13-18. |
Detection of arsenic in wheat and wheat bran animal feeds in Faridpur sadar upazilla |
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| Md. Ayatullah, Md. Shahadat Hossain, Md. Khalesur Rahman, Tazvi Monjur, Md. Mahabub Hasan, Md. Ashraf Ali, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman; Pages: 19-24 Md. Ayatullah1, Md. Shahadat Hossain2*, Md. Khalesur Rahman3, Tazvi Monjur4, Md. Mahabub Hasan5, Md. Ashraf Ali2, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman1 1Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Arsenic is naturally occurring element. Chemically, arsenic is always present as compounds with oxygen, chlorine, sulpher, carbon and hydrogen on one hand and with lead, gold and iron on the others. It is significantly threatening in case of Bangladesh as 61 out of 64 districts are affected by arsenic. Arsenic is spreading in various ways in the environment and creating various hazards. With a view to detect the level of arsenic concentration in animal feed chain this study was performed. For this purpose the FI-HG-AAS (Flow Injection Hidride Generator Atomic Absorption Spectophotometer) method was used. Wheat and wheat bran samples, two commonly used animal feeds, were collected from arsenic contaminated areas of Faridpur district of Bangladesh. After collection, the samples were prepared by a series of steps such as, washing, drying, weighing and digestion; finally arsenic was detected by atomic absorption spectophotometric method. Atomic absorption measures the amount of energy absorbed by the samples. The mean arsenic concentration in wheat and wheat bran were 0.11±0.008 ppm (n=24) and 0.15±0.005 ppm (n=06) respectively. In this study it was found that the level of arsenic both in wheat and wheat bran is greater than that of the maximum permissible level in drinking water (0.05 ppm, WHO). The study indicates that the feed used for animal consumption in the arsenic contaminated areas causes serious health risk for animal and human. Key words: Arsenic, Wheat and wheat bran, Animal feed, Faridpur district. *Corresponding author. Cite this article: Ayatullah,M., Hossain,M.S., Rahman,M.K., Monjur,T., Hasan,M.M., Ali, M.A. & Rahman, M. M. (2017). Detection of arsenic in wheat and wheat bran animal feeds in Faridpur sadar upazilla. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 3, 1, 19-24. |
Effect of arsenic on the oogenesis of black Bengal goat (Capra hircus) reared at the arsenic polluted area of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh |
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| Jahagir Alam, Mohammad Tufazzal Hussan, Md. Royhan Gofur, Md. Abdul Awal; Pages: 25-32 Jahagir Alam1*, Mohammad Tufazzal Hussan1, Md. Royhan Gofur2, Md. Abdul Awal3 1Department of Anatomy and Histology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh Arsenic is widely distributed in the environment and available to the human population though various sources including drinking water, food and air. Significant human exposure to arsenic occurs through both anthropogenic and natural sources. Arsenic has recently appeared as a major pollutant of drinking water in several districts of Bangladesh. This study was aimed to observe the effects of chronic arsenic toxicity on the ogenesis and histoarchitecture of female gonads of black Bengal goat. Adult she goats were collected from the arsenic contaminated area and from the arsenic free area of the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Ovaries were used for observation of the effects of arsenic on the oogenesis. Histopathological observation was performed on the ovaries after Hematoxylin & Eosin staining techniques. One hundred rounded focuses on the histological slide were selected for the counting of the different stages of ovarian follicles. The mean number of the primordial, growing and mature follicles in control group was 20.040 ± 1.917, 18.930 ± 1.460 and 1.390 ± 0.061 and in arsenic affected group was 17.450 ± 1.701, 13.680 ± 1.911 and 0.750 ± 0.575 respectively. The mean diameter of the primordial, growing and mature follicles of control group were 40.390 ±1.290 µm, 59.21 ± 1.850 µm and 1092.99 ± 12.080 µm and in the arsenic affected group were 35.090 ± 1.650 µm, 52.280 ± 1.730 µm and 1285 ± 7.010 µm respectively. The mean thickness of the granolosa layer of the mature follicle of the control group goat was 57.440 ± 1.630 µm and in arsenic affected group was 73.450 ± 1.130 µm. Thickness of the theca layer of the mature follicle of the control group of goat was 75.230 ± 1.040 µm and in arsenic affected group was 75.240 ± 0.670 µm. Variations of all the parameters between arsenic affected and control group of goats were statistically significant (P<0.01) except the mean thickness of the theca layer of the mature follicle. These findings indicate that chronic arsenic exposure alters the oogenesis as well as histoarchitecute of female gonads in black Bengal goat and thereby may affect their reproductive performance. Key words: Effects, Arsenic Poisoning, Oogenesis, Black Bengal Goat. *Corresponding author. Cite this article: Alam, J., Tufazzal Hussan, M. T., Gofur, M.R. & Awal, M.A. (2017). Effect of arsenic on the oogenesis of black Bengal goat (Capra hircus) reared at the arsenic polluted area of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 3, 1, 25-32. |
Mechanism underlying the uptake of Na+, K+ and Cl– under salinity stress- A review |
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| Bulbul Ahmed, Akbar Hossain, Tanushree Halder, Mousumi Sultana, Deepen Tamang, Sushil Kumar, Apurba Pal, Jahnavi Sen, Sabrina Shabnam, Debjani Dutta; Pages: 33-37 Bulbul Ahmed1*, Akbar Hossain2, Tanushree Halder3, Mousumi Sultana4, Deepen Tamang5, Sushil Kumar5, Apurba Pal5, Jahnavi Sen5, Sabrina Shabnam6 and Debjani Dutta6 1Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh Arsenic Na+ concentrations in the cytoplasm can lead to enzyme inhibition, which in turn causes necrosis and chlorosis while low extracellular Na+ concentrations will establish a large Na+ electrochemical potential gradient. Excess sodium in the soil limits the uptake of water due to decreased water potential, which may result in wilting. The contribution of Na+ to the leaf osmotic potential (9s) was sharply enhanced from 2% in control plants to 49% in plants subjected to 400 mM NaCl. Atriplex canescens is able to enhance photosynthetic capacity, increase Na+ accumulation in tissues and salt bladders, maintain relative K+ homeostasis in leaves, and use inorganic ions and compatible solutes for osmotic adjustment which may contribute to the improvement of water status in plant. The strategies for maintaining a high K+/Na+ ratio in the cytosol include sodium extrusion and/or sodium compartmentation. Xylem Na+ loading, and better K+ retention, is an efficient control over stomatal development and aperture. K+ involves in the process include the formation of carbohydrates and proteins, the regulation of internal plant moisture, as a catalyst and condensing agent of complex substances, as an accelerator of enzyme action, and as contributor to photosynthesis, especially under low light intensity where deficiency may result in higher risk of pathogens, wilting, chlorosis, brown spotting, and higher chances of damage from frost and heat. The compartmentation of Na+ and Cl− into the vacuole allows plants to use NaCl as an osmoticum to maintain an osmotic potential that drives water into the cells. Keywords: Ion, Homostasis, Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine *Corresponding author. Cite this article: Ahmed, B., Hossain, A., Halder, T., Sultana, M., Tamang, D., Kumar, S., Pal, A., Sen, J., Shabnam, S., & Dutta, D. (2017). Mechanism underlying the uptake of Na+, K+ and Cl- under salinity stress- A review. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 3, 1, 33-37. |
Effect of plant spacing of different sweet gourd cultivars on potato yield in intercropping system |
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| Shahana Sultana, Md. Shahiduzzaman; Pages: 38-44 Shahana Sultana* and Md. Shahiduzzaman On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Mymensingh-2200, Bangladesh A field experiment on intercropping of different varieties of sweet gourd with potato was conducted at farmer’s field of Mymensingh, Bangladesh during Robi season of 2015- 2016 to evaluate the performance of potato production in intercropping system and to increase crop productivity. Five crop combinations viz., Sole potato, 100% potato + 1.5 m distance from plant to plant of sweet gourd, 100% potato + 2 m distance from plant to plant of sweet gourd, 100% potato + 2.5 m distance from plant to plant of sweet gourd, 100% potato + 3 m distance from plant to plant of sweet gourd and three sweet gourd varieties viz. BARI Mistikumra 2, BARI Hybrid Mistikumra 1, and local variety were used in this experiment. Result revealed that among the treatment combinations, sole potato performed better and yielded the highest (22.73 t ha-1). The lowest tuber yield (19.31 t ha-1) was recorded with 100% potato + 1.5 m distance from plant to plant of sweet gourd treatment combination. Potato yield was higher (22.14 t ha-1) with local cultivar of sweet gourd, while potato with BARI Hybrid Mistikumra 1 gave the lowest yield (20.14 t ha-1). Potato yield was reduced 2.33 to 28.89% due to cultivation of sweet gourd with different plant spacing but total productivity increased (9 – 106%) due to the contribution of companion crop. The highest potato equivalent yield (42.6 t ha-1) was recorded in 100% potato + 2 m distance from plant to plant of sweet gourd crop combination. It also gave the highest gross margin (3, 93,550 Tk. ha-1). Intercropping of BARI Hybrid Mistikumra 1 maintaining 2 m distance from plant to plant with potato, can be recommended to achieve higher productivity and profitability. Keywords: Intercropping, Sweet gourd cultivars, Spacing, Tuber yield, Potato equivalent yield *Corresponding author. Cite this article: Sultana, S., & Shahiduzzaman, S. (2017). Effect of plant spacing of different sweet gourd cultivars on potato yield in intercropping system. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 3, 1, 38-44. |
