Volume 1 and Issue 1 (May 2015)

Alok Kumar Hazra¹, Md. Sumon Mia²*, Farida Yeasmin², Debashis Kumar Mondal³, Sadhan Chandra Sarker⁴, Md. Kamal¹

¹Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
²Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
³Scientific Officer, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater sub-station, Jessore, Bangladesh
⁴Senior Upazilla Fisheries Officer, Noakhali Sadar, Noakhali, Bangladesh

Studies were conducted on the use of antibiotics especially nitrofuran, chloramphenicol (CAP) and oxytetracycline (OTC) drugs in bagda/galda farms and hatchery and their effects on the growth performance of galda through well-structured questionnaires in Phultala upazila and Rampal upazila. Farmers used pharmaceuticals such as Aquamarine, Oxycentril in both commercially and locally prepared feed whereas few of them use growth hormone in feed. Studies were also done to know the withdrawal periods of AMOZ, AOZ and SEM in galda muscles after feeding of nitrofuran medicated diets for 15 days. On 15^th day of feeding, galda samples were analyzed for AMOZ, AOZ and SEM and detected their concentrations at a level of 5.89, 15.98 and 0.44 ppb, respectively. However, accumulation of these metabolites in galda muscles reduced considerably after stopping medicated diets with time. The withdrawal period of AMOZ and AOZ in galda bodies was 10 days whereas in the case of SEM the withdrawal period was 20 days. On the other hand, withdrawal period of CAP and OTC in galda muscle was 20 days and 5 days, respectively. Studies were also conducted on the effects of antibiotics (nitrofurazolidone, CAP and OTC) on the growth and survival of galda and changes in environmental conditions. The weight gain was higher in galda after feeding with antibiotics treated feed compared to those of control samples. The average initial protein content of the PLs (prawn larvae) was 18.21 % which increased to 20.33 % after 90 days of rearing in controlled ponds i.e. diets without using antibiotics. There was little or no marked differences in chemical composition among the galda reared in ponds either using medicated diets or without antibiotics medicated diets. Protein content of the galda muscles increased to in the range of 20.59 to 21.16 % after 90 days of rearing in ponds fed with medicated diets in different treatments.  There are also little or no changes in physico-chemical parameters in pond water between controlled pond and antibiotics medicated ponds. Bacterial loads decreased greatly in ponds used antibiotics medicated feeds compared to control pond. The research suggested that to improve the culture and management practices of galda in Bangladesh it is necessary to investigate the generic names of all chemicals used in galda farms to have control over the use of chemicals and antibiotics on legal basis for food safety and sustainable healthy prawn industry.

Key words: Antibiotic residue; Nitrofuran; Chloramphenicol; Oxytetracycline; Macrobrachium rosenbergii;Growth

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sumon_reod@yahoo.com (Md. Sumon Mia)

Cite this article: Hazra, A.K., M.S. Mia, F.Yeasmin, D.K. Mondal, S.C. Sarker and M. Kamal, 2015. Investigations on antibiotics residue and their effects on the growth and survival of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Int. J. Appl. Res., 1 (1): 1-8.

Md. Harunar Rashid¹*, Ashish Kumar Das², M.A. Matin³, Kanika Sammadar⁴, Nazim Ahmad¹

¹Vererinary Surgeon, Gupalpur, Tangail, Bangladesh
²International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
³Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal-8210, Bangladesh
⁴Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal-8210,  Bangladesh

The study was carried out at the Department of Physiology, BAU, Mymensingh to investigate the hemato-biochemical profiles in liver fluke and gastrointestinal nematode infected sheep. A total of 15 indigenous sheep were used. The sheep reared in a free grazing system and they were divided randomly into three equal groups (n=5) as control, liver fluke infected and gastrointestinal nematode infected group. Body weight, feces examination, hemato-biochemical profiles were performed before anthelmintics treatment (at day 0) and at the end of the experiment (day 30). Total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin (Hb) content and  packed cell volume (PVC) was found to be decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in infected group compared to control group and significantly (p< 0.05 ) lower in gastrointestinal nematode infected group. ESR value significantly (p< 0.05 ) increased in both gastrointestinal nematode and liver fluke infected group. Packed cell volume (PVC) of gastrointestinal nematode infected group differs significantly (p< 0.01) from fasciola infected and control group. Off course fasciola infected group had also significantly (p<0.05) lower ESR than control group. Total leukocyte count (TLC) were increased significantly (p<0.01) in gastrointestinal nematode than fasciola infected and control group. Serum biochemical parameters revealed that sheep affected gastrointestinal nematode had significantly higher (p<0.01) SGOT and SGPT values. The value did not differ significantly (p<0.05) in control and fasciola infected group. It may be concluded that liver fluke and gastrointestinal nematode infection cause marked damage of hemopoietic organs.

Key words: Liver fluke; GI nematode; Hematological and Biochemical profile; Bangladesh

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: harun1569.90@gmail.com (Md. Harunar Rashid)

Cite this article: Rashid, M.H., A.K. Das, M.A. Matin, K. Sammadar, and N. Ahmad, 2015. Haemato-biochemical profiles in liver fluke and gastrointestinal nematode infected sheep. Int. J. Appl. Res., 1 (1): 9-11.

Ahmed Hossain¹*, Tajrin Farhana Khanom², P. Jahan¹, Fahmida Khatun¹, Khondoker Md. Nasiruddin¹

¹Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
²Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Tillering or the production of lateral branches (i.e. culms), is an important agronomic trait that determines shoot architecture and grain production in grasses like rice. Due to its agronomic and biological importance, tillering has been widely studied and numerous works demonstrate that the control of AXM initiation, bud development and tillering in the grasses is via a suite of genes, hormones and environmental conditions.  The cDNA rice plant was constructed by an improved RT-PCR technique from a template cDNA library derived from the total RNAs extracted from the young plant leaves of a Oryza sativa rice to identify genes pi55(t) involved in the control of rice tillering. The identification of tillering specific gene in BR14 rice germplasm will help in accelerating the production rate of rice in future, including bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease resistant genes in different varieties. BLB caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a major biotic stress in the irrigated rice belts. Genetic resistance is the most effective and economical control for bacterial blight disease. Branching capacity is the most important. Molecular survey was conducted to identify the presence of tillering specific gene in BLB resistant BR14 rice. Reproducible means of BR14 rice at 21 days was designed based on the timing of full expression of the leaf. Gel documentation showed that the size of the synthesized cDNA was 250 bp and tillering specific gene was 201bp long. PCR with specific primers RM5493 for tillering specific gene was used in the study. On the basis of the result of PCR, it was concluded that after PCR, the band that was found in 201bp was indicated tillering specific gene pi55 (t).

Key words: bacterial leaf blight, Tillering, PCR, Biotic stress, rice BR14

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: ahasan@gmail.com (Ahmed Hossain)

Cite this article: Hossain, A., T.F. Khanom, P. Jahan, F. Khatun and K.M. Nasiruddin, 2015. mRNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and tillering specific gene isolation from BLB resistant rice BR14. Int. J. Appl. Res., 1 (1): 12-15.

Asma Sultana¹, Md. Shahadat Hossen¹, Md. Zakaria Ibne Baki²*, Mahbuba Mustafa¹, Papri Hazra¹, Md. Rajib Hossain¹

¹Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
²Scientific Officer, Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

An investigation was carried out to study Hydrogen ion concentration (pH), Electrical conductivity (EC), Organic matter (OM), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and biodiversity index (D) contents in industrial site, road site and construction site area of Jessore district (urban) and Abhaynagar thana (peri-urban) in Bangladesh. Thirty soil and thirty water samples were collected from 6 different locations of Jessore district and Abhaynagar thana during August to October 2013 and biodiversity of particular sites were also observed at that time. All soil and water samples were highly ‘acidic to neutral’ in nature (pH = 4.08-7.29) and were problematic for crop production and health. The range of EC of soil samples was 105-435 µScm^-1 and EC of water samples was 390-1329 µScm^-1 which indicate that water samples were ‘good to permissible’ in quality for irrigating soils and crops. The average highest OM value of soil 1.856 % was found in road site peri-urban area and the average lowest value of soil 0.804 % was found in urban construction area which indicated that the soils were ‘very low to medium’ in quality of soil fertility. From the study it was found that urban and peri-urban (UPA) industrial, road and construction areas soil and water contained acceptable amount of N, P and K. The total Pb content of collected soil and water samples varied from 0.762-0.105 ppm and 0.099-0.014 ppm, respectively. The highest Pb concentration was found in urban contaminated industrial areas for both soil and water and the lowest Pb concentration was found in peri-urban construction site for both soil and water. The total Cd content of collected soil and water samples varied from 1.93-0.018 ppm and 0.979-0.001 ppm, respectively. The highest and lowest concentration of Cd also found similar to the Pb concentration. Consideration of all sites, higher biodiversity index was 0.495 for peri-urban industrial site and lower biodiversity index was 0.296 for urban industrial areas. The study also revealed that the area was significantly contaminated with toxic metals like Pb and Cd. High amount of these metals in surface soil and water caused health hazards to the surrounding environment.

Key words: Urban and peri-urban agriculture, soil and water quality, biodiversity index, Bangladesh

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: rabbibau240@gmail.com (Md. Zakaria Ibne Baki)

Cite this article: Sultana A., M.S. Hossen, M.R.Hossain, M. Mustafa, P. Hazra and M.Z.I. Baki, 2015. Environmental analysis of urban and peri-urban agriculture of Jessore district. Int. J. Appl. Res., 1 (1): 16-27.

Md. Nazirul Islam Sarker¹, Md. Shahidul Islam², Md. Mostafizar Rahman³

¹School of Business, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
²School of Business, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
³Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited, RBD, Head Office, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh

The intent of this study is to explore the electronics banking practices in Bangladesh with trend analysis. For this purpose, five national banks have been selected. These are Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited, Southeast Bank Limited, NCC Bank Limited, Mutual Trust Bank Limited, Prime Bank Limited and EXIM bank Limited. Trend Analysis is performed through Balance Sheet analysis, Profit-loss Account analysis and other financial statement analysis. Ratio analysis is the primary tool for examining the firm’s financial position and performance. Indicators such as Capital Adequacy Ratio, Credit Deposit Ratio, percentage of classified loans against total loans and advances, Cost of fund (Deposit cost & Administrative cost, Return on Investment (ROI), Return on Assets (ROA) and Price Earning Ratio were used in ratio analysis for determining the bank’s current performance and position, comparing in successive five years. Findings showed significant changes over the years. The study examined the impact of internet banking on banks’ performance and risk. The study suggests that banking industry should be updated with proper electronics banking technology.

Key words: Electronics banking, trend analysis, ratio analysis, ATM card, EFT

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: nazirul2012@gmail.com (Md. Nazirul Islam Sarker)

Cite this article: Sarker, M.N.I., M.S. Islam, MM Rahman, 2015. Effects of electronic banking on performance of banks in Bangladesh. Int. J. Appl. Res., 1 (1): 28-34.

Sadhan Chandra Sarker¹*, Md. Rezaul  Hasan², Md Altaf Hossain Chowdhari³, MNS Mamun Siddiky⁴

¹Senior Upazilla Fisheries Officer, Noakhali Sadar, Noakhali, Bangladesh
²Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
³Fisheries Extension Officer, Upazila Fisheries Office, Raigonj, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
⁴Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Brackish water Station, Paikgacha, Khulna-9280, Bangladesh

A six months experiment was conducted from January to June 2000 to explore the effects of different doses of manure on the growth of Rui (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla) and Carpio (Cyprinus carpio). Ponds each having a surface area of 44 m² and water depth of 1 m was used. Four treatments each in triplicate were used in the study: cow manure at high dose (CH: 1610.74 kg/ha) and low dose (CL: 805.37 kg/ha) and poultry manure at high dose (PH: 1116.28 kg/ha) and low dose (PL: 558.14 kg/ha). All the manures were applied fortnightly. Sampling was done at monthly intervals. Three species of fishes (Rui, Catla, Carpio) were stocked at the density of 8000/ha at the ratio of Rui:Catla:Carpio = 4:3:3. The highest and the lowest percent of weight gain of all the fishes were recorded in PH treatment which was followed by the treatment CH, PL, and CL, respectively. The same trend was also recorded in case of percent of specific growth rate (% SGR) in all the fishes among all the treatment. The recorded values of all the water quality parameters were within the productive range.

Key words: Manure, growth, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cyprinus carpio

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sarkersc04@gmail.com (Sadhan Chandra Sarker)

Cite this article: Sarker, M.N.I., M.R. Hasan, M.S. Islam, M.M. Rahman, 2015. Effect of different doses of manure on growth of Rui (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla) and Carpio (Cyprinus carpio) polyculture. Int. J. Appl. Res., 1 (1): 35-39.

Mohammed Shafiuzzaman¹, Md. Najrul Islam², Nizamul Haque Patwary¹, Saida Akter Porag¹, Labony Yeasmin³

¹Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
²Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
³Dhaka Cantonment Public Girls School & College, Dhaka, Bangladesh

A study was carried out with 20 spring wheat genotypes of diverse origin to obtain information on genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, relationship between yield and yield contributing characters, selection indices and their relative efficiencies in improvement of grain yield. In addition index score based on important yield attributes were estimated for all genotypes along with their phenotypic rank scores. There were significant variations for all the characters suggesting the presence of genetic variability among the genotypes. Considering yield plant^-1 the genotype Mayoor was the best and that was followed by HT-11, Sourav, and Kav-2. It has also higher number of grains spike-1 and harvest index. KAV-2 ranked high for spikes plant-1, spikelets spike-1 grains spike-1 and harvest index. Sourav ranked high for spike length, spikelets spike-1, 100 – grain weight and harvest index. The genotype HT-11 had high mean performance for grains spike-1 and harvest index. The differences between genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were small for plant height, spike length, spikelets spike-1 and 100 grain weight indicating these characters are less affected by environment and mostly governed by genetic factors. Among the eight studied characters plant height, spike length, and 100- grain weight, displayed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance and spikes plant^-1 and harvest index showed moderate heritability with high genetic advance. These characters had also high phenotypic coefficients of variation. So, selection of spring wheat genotypes based on these characters would be effective. Positive correlation found for grain yield plant^-1 with spike length, grains spike, 100-grain weight and harvest index. Among them harvest index was significantly correlated with grain yield plant^-1 at phenotypic level suggesting that genotypes with high partitioning efficiency gave increase in grain yield plant^-1. Spikes plant^-1 and harvest index had high positive direct effects on grain yield. The phenotypic correlation of harvest index with grain yield plant^-1 also high. The correlation coefficient of spikes plant^-1 with grain yield plant^-1 was low though their direct effects were high. Study of selection indices through discriminant function suggests that plant height + grains spike^-1+ grain yield plant^-1 had the maximum genetic advance and relative efficiency than grain yield alone. Considering both phenotypic rank value and index score the genotypes, HT-11, Ning, Protiva and Mayoor were the superior among the genotypes under studied and suggest that these four genotypes could be used as parents for hybridization programme for wheat improvement.

Key words: Heritability, selection index, spring wheat

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: shafiagril@gmail.com (Mohammed Shafiuzzaman)

Cite this article: Shafiuzzaman, M., M.N. Islam, N.H. Patwary, S.A. Porag and L. Yeasmin, 2015. Study of variability, heritability, character association and selection index in spring wheat. Int. J. Appl. Res., 1 (1): 40-47.

Sayeeda Tanjin Ahmed*, Saida Akter Porag, Shamim Ahmed, Nizamul Haque Patwary, Mohammed Shafiuzzaman

Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Hydro-priming of wheat and barley seeds were conducted to evaluate on their field performance. The hydro-priming treatments used for the experiment in wheat and barley were: 0 hr priming, 6 hrs priming, 12 hrs priming, 18 hrs priming, 24 hrs priming and 36 hrs priming. For wheat, 24 hrs priming showed the highest, seedling emergence of 21.67%, 51.67% and 84.67% at 5 days after sowing (DAS), 6 DAS and 7 DAS, respectively. On the other hand 0 hr priming showed lowest performance of 4.67%, 13.00%, 40.33% and 74.33% at 4, 5, 6 and 7 DAS, respectively. From the experiment it was observed that 24 hrs priming showed the highest emergence rate of 8.00%, 20.33% and 48% at 4, 5 and 6 DAS, respectively and lowest emergence percent were found for 0 hr priming at different time in barley. The highest number of tillers hill^-1 (4.77) and number of fertile tillers hill^-1 (4.05) were found for 18 hrs priming. From the result it was observed that 6 hrs priming had highest (3.97) number of spikelets spike^-1 while the highest grain yield (2.27 t ha^-1), straw yield (6.53 t ha^-1) and biological yield (8.8 t ha^-1) were observed from 24 hrs priming. The lowest grain yield (1.77 t ha^-1), straw yield (5.43 t ha^-1) and biological yield (7.2 t ha^-1) were found from the treatment 0 hr priming. The highest harvest index (25.87) was found for 12 hrs priming and lowest (24.53) for 0 hr priming. In barley the highest number of tillers hill^-1 (5.93) and number of fertile tillers hill^-1 (5.05) were found from 18 hr priming. The highest grains spike^-1 (69.83) was found from 36 hr priming. The result showed that the highest grain yield (1.53 t ha^-1) and biological yield (5.46 t ha^-1) were found for 24 hrs priming. The lowest grain yield (1.23 t ha^-1) and biological yield (4.9 t ha^-1) were observed from 0 hr priming. The highest harvest index (28.03) was found for 24 hrs priming and lowest (25.17) for 0 hr priming. Therefore, seed priming played an important role in the field performance of wheat and barley. Greater influence of seed priming was observed in wheat than barley. Both wheat and barley 18-24 hrs priming showed better field performance.

Key words: Seed priming,field performance,wheat and barley 

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: poragsa@gmail.com (Sayeeda Tanjin Ahmed)

Cite this article: Ahmed, S.T., S.A. Porag, S. Ahmed, N.H. Patwary and M Shafiuzzaman, 2015. Effect of seed priming on the field performance of wheat and barley. Int. J. Appl. Res., 1 (1): 48-52.

Bijon Kumar Dewan¹, Md. Sumon Mia²*, Farida Yeasmin², Sadhan Chandra Sarker³, Debashis Kumar Mondal⁴, Md. Kamal¹

¹Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh agricultural university, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
²Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh agricultural university, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
³Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Station, Chandpur-3602, Bangladesh
⁴Scientific Officer, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater sub-station, Jessore, Bangladesh

A survey was also conducted on the growth parameters (length and weight) of hilsa at Chandpur region. The length and weight of a large number of samples was analyzed in this study to observe the appreciable changes that might have occurred in response to different months. Data from primary source (landing station) was collected for growth study. On growth study, the highest average length found in month June (38.66 cm) and lowest average length found in month November (33.77 cm). The highest average weight found in month June (603.83 gm) and lowest average weight found in month November (445.13 gm). The length and weight of a large number of samples was analyzed in this study to observe the appreciable changes that might have occurred in response to different months. The study deserves further survey in different places of Bangladesh. However, the study will help in formulating management and conservation policies as well as in the further development of the fishery for this species in Bangladesh.

Key words: Tenualosa ilisha, Growth performance 

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: summon_reod@yahoo.com (Md Sumon Mia)

Cite this article: Dewan, B.K., M.S. Mia, F. Yeasmin, Flura, D.K. Mondal and M. Kamal, 2015. Studies on the growth parameters of hilsa at Chandpur region in different season. Int. J. Appl. Res., 1 (1): 53-56.

Mohammad Amdadul Hoque¹*, Nizamul  Haque  Patwary², Shah Muhammad Shahidullah², Md. Riaz Ullah Bahadur³, Labony Yeasmin⁴

¹Upazila Agriculture Officer, Saturia, Manikgong, Bangladesh
²Department of Agriculture Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Dhaka, Bangladesh
³Upazila Agriculture Officer, Rajapur, Jhalakati, Bangladesh
⁴Dhaka Cantt. Public Girls School & College, Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh

The present investigation was undertaken at the field laboratory of “Collection, Evaluation, Conservation and Utilization of Landraces and Wild relatives of some Important Vegetables and Fruits of Bangladesh (CVFB)” Project, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the field performance of 15 F1 hybrids along with 5 parents of sweet gourd. The analysis of variance for different characters showed high degree of variation among the 20 sweet gourd genotypes. Parental genotype CM099 produced the highest number of male flowers plant^-1 (107.67) while the cross CM73 × CM 118 showed the highest number of female flowers plant^-1 (15.44). The cross CM26 × CM73 showed the best performance in respect of yield plant^-1 (29.40 kg). The highest average fruit weight (8.40 kg) was recorded in CM118 × CM122. The cross CM73 × CM 118 produced the maximum number of fruits plant^-1 (9.32). In all cases, the phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) was greater than the genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV). High heritability, ranging from 81.27-99.26% was found for vine length, primary branches, number of nodes plant^-1, leaf length, leaf breadth, petiole length, male flowers plant^-1, female flowers plant^-1, days to first male flowering, nodal position for first female flowering, fruits plant^-1, yield plant^-1, fruit length, fruit diameter, cavity length, cavity breadth, peduncle length, flesh thickness and % TSS. Correlation co-efficient indicated that yield plant^-1 had highly significant and positive correlation with vine length at final harvest, fruit diameter, fruit weight and number of fruits plant^-1.

Key words: F1 Hybrid, Sweet Gourd, Performance

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: amdadulhoque28@gmail.com (Mohammad Amdadul Hoque)

Cite this article: Hoque, M.A., N.H.  Patwary, S.M. Shahidullah, M.R.U. Bahadur, L. Yeasmin, 2015. Performance of selected F1 hybrids of sweet gourd. Int. J. Appl. Res., 1 (1): 57-70.