Volume 4 (2018)

Abera Aynekulu Abate*

Department of Accounting and Finance, Debark University, Gondar, Ethiopia

This paper aims to examine determinants of accounting information systems (AISs) adoption among large and medium manufacturing enterprises in Ethiopia using Diffusion of innovation (DOI) and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) models as a theoretical background. To achieve this objective, the researcher distributed 212 self-administered structured questionnaires to managers/ accountants of the manufacturing enterprises located in Addis Ababa city administration using simple random sampling. The study applied quantitative research approach to address hypotheses of the study. The method of analysis for determinant variables was binary logistic regression with the aid of SPSS software version 20.The study established that extent of AISs adoption among large and medium manufacturing enterprises in Ethiopia was extremely low. Both descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression results revealed that relative advantage of AISs, top management support, organizational readiness, employees’ IT competence, competitive pressure, and government support were the significant factors that influence AISs usage among manufacturing enterprises in Ethiopia. However, complexity and compatibility factors were found to be not significantly related to the decision to adopt AIS technologies. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were forwarded to stakeholders of the manufacturing sector so that the sector’s accounting system would be modernized and automated.

Keywords: Accounting information systems (AIS), Diffusion of innovations (DOI) theory Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) model, Manufacturing enterprises, Ethiopia.

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: abate1221@gmail.com (Abera  Aynekulu Abate)

Cite this article: Abate, A.A. (2018). Determinants of accounting information systems adoption in Ethiopia: Empirical evidence from large and medium manufacturing enterprises in Addis Ababa. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 4-12. 

Mahmud Abdullah Al Noman¹*, Robert Kalfilt Rossam², Md Nasir Uddin Khan¹ and Tafikul Hossian Miraj³

¹Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

²Social Forestry Management Division (Social Forestry Unit), PROSHIKA, Rangpur Sadar-5402, Bangladesh

³Rural Agriculture and Environment Development Division (Microcredit Unit), Kishoreganj Sadar-2301, Bangladesh

The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield and growth performance of bitter gourd in combination with karanja tree species under alley cropping system. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications having four treatments viz., T₀ (open field condition referred to as control), T₁ (< 50 cm distance from the tree base), T₂ (50-100 cm distance from the tree base) and T₃ (>100 cm distance from the tree base). The result showed that growth and yield of bitter gourd were significantly influenced by the associated trees at different distances from the karanja tree base. It was found that all the growth parameter of bitter gourd viz. vine length, total leaves per plant, number of primary branches per plant, number of leaves per primary branches, number of female flower per plant, number of male flower per plant, number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight, fresh and dry weight of fruits (t ha^-1) etc. were better in the open filed condition compare to in association with karanja tree species. Among the distances from the tree base growth of bitter gourd gradually decreased with decreasing distances towards the tree base. Similar trend of variation was also found in case of yield of bitter gourd in combination with this tree species. The highest fresh yield of bitter gourd was obtained in open field condition which was 1.85 t ha^-1. Among the different distances viz. <50 cm, 50-100 cm and >100 cm distance from the tree base, yield of bitter gourd was decreased towards the tree base. Fresh yield of bitter gourd in these distances (<50 cm, 50-100 cm and >100 cm) from tree base in combination with karanja species were 0.79, 1.38 and 1.64 t ha^-1, respectively. It was found that on an average 1.06 t ha^-1, 0.47 t ha^-1 and 0.21 t ha^-1 yield of bitter gourd were gradually decreased in <50 cm, 50-100 cm and >100 cm distances from tree base compare to open field condition, respectively. Both height and girth increment of the tree was a bit better in combination with bitter gourd. Finally, it may be concluded that bitter gourd can successfully be grown in combination with karanja tree in island based farming system of Bangladesh during the establishment period of timber trees.

Keywords: Alley cropping, Bitter gourd, Agroforestry practices, Karanja, Island agroforestry.

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: ihowcan@gmail.com (Mahmud Abdullah Al Noman)

Cite this article: Noman, M.A., Rossam, R.K., Khan, M.N.U., & Miraj, T.H. (2018). Yield and growth performance of bitter gourd with Karanja trees under alley cropping system in river island of Mymensingh. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 13-19. 

Mohammed Sirajul Islam¹, Nathu Ram Sarker², Md. Yousuf Ali¹, Md. Ahsan Habib², Md. Mostain Billah¹*, Mohammad Salah Uddin³, Md. Rezwanul Habib¹        

¹Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Regional Station, Baghabari, Shahjadpur, Sirajganj-6770, Bangladesh

²Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

³Bangladesh Milk Producers Co-operative Union Limited

Present research work was undertaken to know the impacts of loamy and sandy soils on production performance and nutritive value of BLRI developed Napier-4 fodder at third cutting stage. Hence, both types of soil constituents were assayed for knowing the soil properties like pH, nitrogen, organic matter, salinity and mineral contents. Records of production parameters such as plant height, stem length, leaf length, number of leaf per stem, number of till per hill, yield per hill and total biomass yield of the fodder were maintained. Also, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ash and metabolizable energy content of the Napier-4 fodder were studied. Results revealed that numerically higher (P<0.001) productive parameters (except till per hill) found in loamy soil than sandy soil. All the nutritive parameters of Napier-4 fodder did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in both type of soils but higher metabolizable energy and dry matter content of Napier-4 fodder found in loamy soil than sandy soil. Considering above mentioned parameters, it is concluded that BLRI developed Napier-4 fodder showed better performance in loamy soil than sandy soil at third cutting stage.

Keywords: Loamy and sandy soil, Napier-4, Dry matter, Metabolizable energy.

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mostainbau@gmail.com (Md. Mostain Billah)

Cite this article:  Islam, M.S., Sarker, N.R., Ali, M.Y., Habib, M.A.,  Billah,  M.M., Uddin, M.S., &  Habib, M.R. (2018). Impact of loamy and sandy soils on productive and nutritive value of BLRI developed Napier-4 fodder at third cutting stage. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 20-23. 

MA Hossain¹*, MS Islam², MF Rahman¹, MS Islam³ and MIM Zulfikar⁴

¹Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

²Palli Daridra Bimochon Foundation (PDBF), Dhaka, Bangladesh

³Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Bangladesh 

⁴Social Development Foundation (SDF), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

A study was conducted to evaluate the livelihood improvement of poor women by cow rearing in Sirajganj district. The studied parameters were farmers status, socio-economic condition, skill development training , source of funding, purchase ability of cows, availability of feeds and fodder, feeding system, chemical composition of feed stuff, health care, cost of cows, net income, various cost of cow rearing, and impact of livelihood improvement of rural women in the studied areas  in Sirajganj district of Bangladesh. Total 12 respondents were randomly selected from two villages. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. The women were treated as hard core poor and poor. The major occupation of selected farmers were cow rearing (100%) followed by beef fattening, crop farming and goat rearing. CP contents of available feed stuffs were compared higher and CF content was lower compared to other unconventional feed stuffs indicated the availability of good quality feeds in studied areas. Total cost of production, gross return and net return per household cow rearing was 13500, 58250 and 54700 BDT and loan recovery rate was 98- 100%, respectively. Food purchasing, cloth purchasing, social status, health care, educational and housing status were increased at 34.38,31, 25, 20, 17 and 14.28% through cow rearing funded by SDF in studied areas and loan realization trends was better than that of other organizations. The results clearly indicate that drastic livelihood improvement, creation of self- employment and better loan realization through cow rearing practices was possible in the studied areas.

Keywords: Cow rearing, Livelihood, Loan recovery, Poor women

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: anwar.kbd82@gmail.com (MA Hossain)

Cite this article: Hossain, M.A. Islam, M.S., Rahman, M.F., Islam M.S. & Zulfikar M.I.M. (2018). Livelihood improvement of poor women through cow rearing. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 24-29. 

MK Islam¹, MUS Khatun¹, MA Alam¹, Ummay Kulsum Laily¹ and MM Rahman²

¹On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Station, Alamnagar, Rangpur, Bangladesh

²Agriculture Training Institute, Faridpur, Bangladesh

This study explores the potential use of organic fertilizers on tomato production in Bangladesh. Effect of organic fertilizer on growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) was studied in a field experiment. The experiment was conducted during rabi season 2016-2017 at Agricultural Research Station, On Farm Research Division, Alamnagar, Rangpur to find out the useful effects of organic fertilizer on growth and yield of tomato. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatments in three replications. The treatments included T₁: 100% Recommended Chemical Fertilizer (RCF), T₂: 85% RCF, T₃: 70% RCF, T₄: 85% CF + 3 t ha^-1 organic Fertilizer (OF), T₅: 85% CF + 1 t ha^-1 OF, T₆: 70% CF + 3 t ha^-1 OF and T₇: 70% CF + 1 t ha^-1 OF. The highest yield was obtained from T₄ which was statistically similar with T₁ and the lowest yield was found in T₃ treatment. Maximum gross margin was obtained from the treatment T₁ followed by T₄ and minimum from T₃ treatment.

Keywords: Organic Fertilizer, Shekor Jaibo Sar, Yield performance, Tomato.

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: kh_raju235@yahoo.com (Md. Khairul Islam)

Cite this article: Islam, M.K., Khatun, M.U.S., Alam, M.A., Laily U.K., & Rahman M.M. (2018). Performance of organic fertilizer on yield and yield attributes on tomato. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 30-33. 

Khodr Addam^{1, *}, Nisreen Sabbagh¹, Mounir Bou-Hamdan¹, Khaled Jamal Eddine², and Jihad Itani²

¹Integrative and Environmental Research Center, AUL, Beirut, Lebanon

² Faculty of Science and Fine Arts, AUL, Beirut, Lebanon

This publication examines the phytogeographical distribution of Orchis anatolica Boiss. in Lebanon. It is one of the Mediterranean orchid species which has a wide prevalence throughout the country. For the first time in the botanical history of the country, a phytogeographical survey is scrutinized for this species that has lasted for 21 years of fieldwork. Two hundred twenty-seven locations except those that are dangerous to reach all over the country are approved to contain this marvelous beautiful orchid. The result of this phytogeographical survey reveals that this orchid is common in Lebanon and not endangered as it is in some neighboring countries.

Keywords: Orchidaceae, Orchis anatolica Boiss., Phytogeographical survey, Mediterranean flora, Lebanon

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: draddam@hotmail.com (Khodr H. Addam)

Cite this article: Addam, K., Sabbagh, N., Bou-Hamdan, M., Eddine, K.J., & Itani, J. (2018). Phytogeography, population, habitat, ecology, threat and conservation action of Orchis anatolica Boiss. in Lebanon. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 34-46. 

Romana Akter¹ *, Md. Adil Badshah¹, Lutfun Nahar¹ and Mahmuda Akter²

¹Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

²Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

The experiment was carried out to find out suitable integrated nutrient management options for growth and higher yield of BRRI dhan69. The treatment consists of T₁= Control, T₂= BRRI recommended fertilizer dose (N-P-K-S = 117-19-58-15 kg ha^-1), T₃= Soil Test Basis (STB) (N-P-K-S = 134-5-77-16 kg ha^-1), T₄= 75% STB, T₅= 75% STB + Decomposed poultry litter (DPL) (2.5 t ha^-1), T₆ = 75% STB + DPL (5 t ha^-1), T₇= 50% STB + DPL (5 t ha^-1) and T₈= DPL (5 t ha^-1). The experiment was laid out in RCB design with three replications. Results indicated that different integrated nutrient management had the significant effect on plant height, leaf area index (LAI), tillering pattern, productive tiller (%), tiller mortality (%), sterility (%), panicle m^-2, grains panicle^-1 and grain yield. 75% STB + Decomposed poultry litter (2.5 t ha^-1) showed highest tiller m^-2, panicle m^-2, grains panicle^-1 and ultimately grain yield. 75% STB + Decomposed poultry litter (2.5 t ha^-1) gave 11.4% and 18.8% higher grain yield than BRRI recommended dose and STB, respectively. All the treatments with integrated nutrient management gave the higher yield than STB. Treatment T₅ found much beneficial than T₃. Even the treatments T₄ and T₆ can be used in BRRI dhan69 cultivation to get more benefit.

Keywords: Integrated nutrient; Growth and yield; BRRI dhan69

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: rumi3859@gmail.com (Romana Akter)

Cite this article: Romana, A., Badshah, M.A., Nahar, L., & Akter, M. (2018). Influence of integrated nutrients management on growth and yield of BRRI dhan69. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 47-52. 

Jasvir Singh Dalio^*

Department of Biology, G.G.S.S.S. Budhlada (Punjab)-151502, India

Management of bee forage to increase beekeeping potential of any area is of considerable importance. It is necessary to maintain, strong and healthy colonies of domesticated and wild honeybees, as natural areas are shrinking and crop diversification is not practiced by the farmers. Therefore, bee fauna remains in nutritional stress which causes weak and diseased colonies. The present study revealed that Ziziphus mauritiana L. was an excellent floral resource for Apis species. It has the ability to provide special honey flow period in September and October if grown in large number for reforestation and improved cultivars for horticultural purposes. Outcome of this study will enhance knowledge regarding bee management techniques, bee forage management, floral calendar, making beekeeping more profitable and conservation of wild bee fauna.

Keywords: Zizyphus mauritiana. L.; Apis mellifera; A. cerana; A. florea, Bee flora

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: drjasvirdalio@gmail.com (Jasvir Singh Dalio)

Cite this article: Dailo, J.S. (2018). Foraging behavior of Apis species on the bloom of Ziziphus mauritiana L. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 53-57. 

Bulbul Ahmed^1,*, Dilruba Shabnam², Sabrina Shabnam³, Md. Anwar Hossain⁴ and Md. Mushfiqul Islam⁵

¹Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

²Plant Quarantine Center, Riverport, Narayangonj-1420, Bangladesh

³Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

⁴Department of Agricultural Extension, Hatibandha, Lalmomirhat-5530, Bangladesh

⁵Geo-Potato Project, Agriculture Information Services, Khamarbari, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh

An intercropping experiment was conducted to find out the suitable intercropping pattern for higher return from the same land. The intercropping combinations includes T1 = sole grasspea, T2 = sole chilli (50 cm x 40 cm), T3 = grasspea (100%) + 100% chilli (50 cm x 40 cm), T4 = grasspea (100%) + 60% chilli (50 cm x 60 cm), T5 = grasspea (100%) + 50% chilli (50 cm x 80 cm), and T6 = grasspea (100%) + 40% chilli (50 cm x 100 cm). The highest grasspea seed yield (1.82 t ha-1) was obtained from T5 which was statistically similar to that of T1 treatment and significantly higher than those of T3 and T6. The highest pod yield (2.2 t ha-1) was recorded in T5 which was significantly different from other intercrops combinations. Among intercropping combinations studied, the highest gross return and net return was recorded in T5 [grasspea (100%) + 50% chilli (50 cm x 80 cm)]. Cost of production was also highest in this intercropping due to involvement of more labour and seed cost. The lowest benefit cost ratio (BCR) among intercropping combinations was obtained from T6 [grasspea (100%) + 40% chilli (50 cm x 100 cm)]. This study suggest that grasspea (100%) + 50% chilli (50 cm x 80 cm) ratio might be the suitable intercropping pattern for getting higher economic return. It also might be concluded that intercropping would help for higher economic profit from the same land.

Keywords: Intercropping; Grasspea; BCR; Chilli

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: kbdahmed@gmail.com (Bulbul Ahmed)

Cite this article: Ahmed, B., Shabnam, D., Shabnam, S., Hossain, M.A., & Islam, M.M. (2018). Intercropping grasspea with chilli at varying plant population. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 58-61. 

Md. Abdullah Al Mahamud¹*, Kamruzzaman², Md. Shahadat Hossen³, Md. Ariful Islam⁴, Gias Uddin Ahmed⁵

¹Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock Development Program, HEED Bangladesh, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

²Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

³Upozila Fisheries Officer, Department of Fisheries, Kamalgonj, Moulovibazar, Bangladesh

⁴Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

⁵Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

A study was conducted to investigate of diseases and culture of Thai Koi Anabas testudineus over a period of 165 days from 29 September 2010 to 13 March 2011 in nine earthen ponds located in the northern side of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Three stocking densities such as 500/decimal (T₁), 750/decimal (T₂) and 1000/decimal (T₃) were tested with the three replications. The water quality parameters were monitored at fortnightly interval. The mean value of water temperature in T₁, T₂ and T₃ was 23.25 ± 1.95°C, dissolved oxygen content were 5.0 ± 1.33 mg/L, 4.95 ± 1.32 mglL and 5.05 ± 1.11, pH were 7.50 ± 0.20, 7.62 ± 0.28 and 7.70 ± 0.36 and alkalinity were 171.00 ± 19.12, 168.00 ± 18.14 and 164.00 ± 25.47 respectively. The survival rates were 95.08%, 95.49% and 88.00% in T₁, T₂ and T₃ respectively. The health and diseases status of Thai Koi were investigated for seven months during the September 2010 to March 2011. Clinically, it was observed that fish were affected with scale loss, rough skin discoloration and dermal ulcer during the winter season. Histopatholagically, in the months of December and January, necrosis and vacuums were observed in skin and muscle. Gill of the Thai Koi were affected with loss of primary and secondary gill lamellae, necrosis and hemorrhage in the months of December and January. In case of liver, necrosis, pyknosis, vacuums and hemorrhages were observed in the months of December and January. However, increased clinical and pathological sign were observed in T₂ and T₃ in December and January. Dig the focus group discussion, farmers also mentioned that diseases like EUS and tail and fin rot were found in the months of December and January.

Keywords: Diseases, Cultured Koi, Water quality, Mymensingh

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mduzzalprodhan@gmail.com (MAA Mahamud)

Cite this article: Mahamud,M.A.A., Kamruzzaman, Hossen, M.S. Islam, M.A. & Ahmed, G.U. (2018). Diseases of cultured Thai Koi in Mymensingh region. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 62-68. 

Md. Rafiqul Islam, Mohammad Mizanur Rahman*, A. K. M. Masum and Mohammad Fayzur Rahman

Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

The effects of genotypes and lactation periods on daily milk yield of dairy cows reared at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Dairy Farm were investigated. A total of 48 (n= 12×4) dairy cows belonging to different genotypes, viz., Holstein cross (n=12), Jersey cross (n=12), Shahiwal cross (n=12) and Red Chittagong (n=12) were selected. BAU Dairy Farm records regarding the daily milk yields were collected during the period of 2000 to 2005 (five years records). Analysis revealed that Holstein cross and Red Chittagong cows showed the highest (5.37 litre/day) and lowest (2.83±0.61 litre/day) milk yield, respectively, among the different genotypes of dairy cows. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant (p<0.01) difference in milk yield for different genotypes. Milk production for all dairy cows was lowest in first lactation and there after production increased during the 2^nd and 3rd lactation period. Jersey cross and Shahiwal cross showed significant difference for milk yield in different lactations, whereas Holstein cross and Red Chittagong showed non-significant difference. It can be concluded that genotypic variation and lactation number may affect the milk yield in different breeds of cows. Highest milk production was observed at 3^rd lactation period for all types of dairy cows.

Keywords: Milk yield, Genotype, Lactation, Dairy cows

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: mizan31bcs@gmail.com (MM Rahman)

Cite this article: Islam, M. R., Rahman, M. M., Masum,A. K. M. & Rahman, M. F. (2018). Milk yield variation in different genotypes of dairy cows Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 69-71. 

Nani Gopal Saha^1*, Zohirul Islam Rony², Quzi Sharmin Akter^3,4, K. M. A. Tareq², Md. Asabur Rahman², and Md. Sayed Hasan²

¹Department of general Animal Science and Animal Nutrition, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal-8210, Bangladesh

²Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal-8210, Bangladesh

³Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal-8210, Bangladesh

⁴Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan

The study was conducted to find out the performances under common management system of Madaripur type and local cattle of different areas in Madaripur district. Data was collected on cattle by randomly selected of 75 each of Madaripur type and local cattle owners of four Upazilas at Madaripur district in Bangladesh. The average birth weight of the calves from Madaripur type observed 17.31±3.31 kg was significantly (p<0.01) heavier than that of 14.58±2.91 kg observed from local cattle. The average daily milk yield of Madaripur type was found to be 4.24±1.74 litters was tremendously (p<0.01) higher than the local cattle was 1.5±2.94 liters, and meanwhile the lactation yield for Madaripur type obtained 472.32±16.24 litters was larger (p<0.01) to 174.37±6.52 litters for local cattle. Relatively, early sexual maturity at 31.5±3.87 months observed for Madaripur type was higher (p<0.05) than that observed 37.3±3.50 months for local. Moreover, Madaripur type cattle relatively faster at first calving and gave birth at 48.0±1.50 months of age was lower than local cattle gave birth at 52.0±2.55 months of age i.e age at first calving of local cattle was significantly (p<0.01) higher than Madaripur type. Post-partum heat period (days) and service per conception (in number) was found to be 53.04±5.51 and 1.72±0.08 was also both significantly higher (p<0.05) in Madaripur type than that of the values observed 45.0±2.51 and 1.54±0.04 in local cattle, respectively. These findings established that Madaripur type was superior to local cattle in their performances and these could be improved much with proper breeding, feeding, care, and management that did not practically found in present study.

Keywords: Cattle; Madaripur district; Management system; Performance

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: nonigopalsaha@gmail.com (Nani Gopal Saha)

Cite this article: N.G. Saha, Z.I. Rony, Q.S. Akter, K.M.A. Tareq, M.A. Rahman, & M.S. Hasan. (2018). Comparative study on performances between Madaripur type and local cattle in Madaripur district under common management system. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 72-77. 

S.M. Zahid Hassan¹, A.S.M. Iqbal Hussain¹, Md. Tariqul Islam¹, Md. Masudul Hasan¹, Kazi Ariful Haque², Md. Moshiur Rahman Riaj¹ and Md. Emran Hossain¹

¹Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh

²Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh

A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Jute Research Regional Station, Faridpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from April to August, 2016 to study the effect of weeding and different doses of nitrogen on growth and yield of jute. The experiment considered two factors. Factor A: Weeding (3) i.e. Non Weeding Plot (W₁); Weeding Plot (1 Time) (W₂) and Weeding Plot (2 Time) (W₃) and Factor B: Nitrogen doses (4 levels) i.e. Control (N₀); N₁ (60kg/ha); N₂ (90kg/ha) and N₃ (120 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected in respect of plant growth characters and yield. The weeding (2 times) had significant influence on plant height (3.84m), number of internodes per plant (76.90), basal diameter (19.29mm), green weight with leaf (3.75kg) and without leaves (3.44kg), fibre yield (5.05 t/ha) and stick yield (13.35 t/ha). In case of the effect of N fertilizer, 120 kg N ha^-1 showed the greater effect among the whole characters studied such as plant height (4.32m), number of internodes per plant (86.00), basal diameter (22.66mm), green weight with leaf (4.16kg/plant) ,without leaves (3.83kg/10plant), fiber yield (5.77 t ha^-1) and stick yield (13.40 t ha^-1). In case of the effect of interaction, showed the greater effect among the whole characters studied such as plant height (4.32m), number of internodes per plant (90.07), basal diameter (22.67mm), green weight with leaf (4.16 kg/10plant),green weight without leaves (3.83 kg/10plant), fiber yield (5.77 t ha^-1) and stick yield (13.86 t ha^-1). The results of the present experiment showed that the W₃ was the best among the weedings. On the other hand, 120 kg N ha^-1 was proved to be better than any other lower and higher levels of nitrogen. Therefore, it can be proved that jute can produce the highest fibre yield from a combination of weeding (W₃) with 120 kg N ha^-1 in field.

Keywords: Jute, Weeding, Nitrogen, Fibre yield

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: dha2004fr@gmail.com (SM Zahid Hassan)

Cite this article: S.M. Zahid Hassan, A.S.M. Iqbal Hussain, Md. Tariqul Islam, Md. Masudul Hasan, Kazi Ariful Haque, Md. Moshiur Rahman Riaj and Md. Emran Hossain (2018). Effect of weeding and different doses of nitrogen on growth and yield of jute. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 78-83. 

Mst. Kabiun Nesa¹*, Md. Shahidur Rahman Khan² and Munirul Alam³

¹Livestock Research Institute, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
²Department of Microbiology & Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
³International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

The study aimed at isolation and identification of Salmonella serovars from meat of cattle, goat and chicken and characterization of the isolated serovars using biochemical, serological and molecular techniques and also to study the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates. The research was conducted during the period from June 2009 to May 2010 in the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh and Enteric Microbiology Laboratory, ICDDRB, Mohakhali, Dhaka.  A total of 76 samples were collected of which 11.84% were positive to Salmonella serovars. Among the positive samples, the prevalence was 7.69%, 13.33% and 15.00% for meat of cattle, goat and chicken respectively. All the isolates produced distinguished colonies on SS, McConkey and Brilliant Green agar. The culturally positive isolates fermented dextrose, maltose and mannitol with the production of acid and gas but did not fermented sucrose and lactose. The same isolates showed indole and V-P test negative but M-R test positive. In rapid agglutination test, all culturally and biochemically positive Salmonella serovars showed agglutination with poly ‘O’ and in case of poly ‘H’, all isolates gave positive reaction except chicken isolates. DNA fingerprinting analysis using PFGE of Xbal digested genomic DNA revealed that Salmonella isolates of the same species collected from the same areas have same genomic pattern.  Moreover, similar band pattern of genomic organization was found in the meat of goat and chicken. The antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern showed that the isolated Salmonella serovars were lightly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and moderately to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, cotrimoxazole and malidixic acid. The positive isolates of chicken exhibited fully resistant to erythromycin but the cattle and goat isolates were of 80% resistance. The study concluded that the genetic changes and emergence of Salmonella serovars with multiple drug resistance are the major obstacles for the treatment of Salmonella infection in different hosts, although the genetic basis for emergence of new serovars with multiple drug resistance remains unknown.

Keywords: Isolation, Characterization, Salmonella, Meat

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: nkabiun@yahoo.com (MK Nesa)

Cite this article: M.K. Nesa, M.S.R. Khan and M. Alam (2018). Isolation and characterization of Salmonalla serovars from meat of cattle, goat and chicken. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 84-89. 

Md. Saiful Islam^1*, Md. Moniruzzaman¹, Md. Shahidul Islam¹, Md. Nazmul Hossen¹, Abu Rayhan¹, Sonia Sku¹ and Shajjad Hossian²

¹Scientific Officer, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh
²Upazila Fisheries Officer, Department of Fisheries, Bangladesh

The present study was carried out in Teesta Barradge, the largest wet land of Bangladesh situated in the northwest region. This study was conducted from July to December 2017. It was estimated that most of the fish capture and culture in the Teesta Barradge were Indian major carps (38%) and 2% were small indigenous species. Data showed that fishermen of all categories were not highly educated rather up to class 5. Among 30 fishermen maximum practiced the farming system (Crop + Livestock + Poultry + Fisheries). There were no fishermen who practiced only agro-forestry, orchard and nursery. In the study area, it was found that 56% people lives with nuclear families and 44% live with joint families. Nuclear-families were popular because of getting freedom of movement and economic opportunities, well dress, better education and authority. Majority (58%) of fishermen had only 0.002-0.045 ha land while lowest 6% fishermen had 0.083-0.123 ha land. The study showed that household (HH) of 100% fishermen used tube-well water for drinking and among them 93% HH used owned tube-well, and remaining 7% used tube-wells belonging to others. It was found that 63% fishermen received treatment from the quack and only 27% visited trained doctors for treatment of disease. Fishermen of the study area faced various types of problems on their livelihood. The main constraints in improving this living standard were the lack of input and the persistent indebtedness to the usurious traditional credit system.

Keywords: Fish production, Fish-Fishermen, Livelihood status, Teesta Barradge

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: msi.89p@gmail.com (MS Islam)

Cite this article:M. S. Islam , M. Moniruzzaman, M.S. Islam, M. N. Hossen, A. Rayhan, S. Sku and S. Hossian (2018). Fish diversity and livelihood status of fishermen of Teesta Barradge in Lalmonirhat district of Bangladesh. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 90-94. 

Md. Zakir. Hossain¹*, Md. Ashraf Sarker², Md. Aktarul Islam³, Mohammad Rezoan Bin Hafiz Pranto⁴, Provat Saha⁵, Md. Mahmudul Hasan⁶

¹Regional Wheat Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rajshahi
²Bangladesh Sugar and Food Industries Corporation, Rajshahi
³Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh
⁴Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur
⁵Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation
⁶Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

A research work was conducted on water distribution systems in three different STW irrigation schemes at Nalchity Upazila in Jhalakati district, Bangladesh. Water distribution systems were improved earthen canal, pre-cast canal and buried pipe irrigation system. The main objectives of the study were to determine water loss and compare among improved earthen canal, pre-cast canal and buried pipe irrigation systems for water distribution to the field based on water losses towards providing useful information for the improvement of command area for surface irrigation. The capacity of selected three STWs was 14 litre/sec. The command area of shallow tubewell under improved earthen canal, pre-cast canal and buried pipe system were found 3.22 ha, 4.6 ha and 6.13 ha respectively. It was observed from the investigation that the average water loss through improved earthen canal, pre-cast canal and buried pipe systems were 4.85 1/s/100 m, 3.23 1/s/100 m and 0.35 1/s/100 m respectively. The minimum water loss was observed from the buried pipe and then from pre-cast canal. The buried pipe distribution system was superior to others for command area development and reducing water losses. Thus, water losses from shallow tube well can be decreased by providing pre-cast canal substantially to be buried pipe distribution system.

Keywords: Canal, buried pipe, water loss, command area, pre-cast

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: zakzuberi@gmail.com (Md. Zakir Hossain)

Cite this article: M. Z. Hossain, M. A. Sarker, M. A. Islam, M. R. B. H. Pranto, P. Saha and M. M. Hasan (2018). Evaluation of improved earthen canal, pre-cast canal and buried pipe irrigation systems based on water losses. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 95-102. 

Hazrat Ali Khan¹, Rounok Jahan², Md. Zakir Hossain³*, Md. Abdul Mannan⁴, Mohammad Rashidul Haque⁵, Nowrin Islam Toma⁶, Md. Nazmul Alam⁷

¹Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board, Dhaka
²Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh
³Regional Wheat Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rajshahi
⁴ACI Motors, Dhaka
⁵Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Institute Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh
⁶Department of Agricultural Economics, EXIM Bank Agricultural University, Bangladesh
⁷Bangladesh Tea Board, Chattogram

A study was conducted on Molla semi-auto rice mill at Dakolhati of Sherpur Sadar, Sherpur district, Bangladesh. The objectives of the study were to identify the working process line, the byproduct production and the financial parameters of rice milling and to assess key problems and constraints of the semi-automatic rice mill. The team visited the rice mill and interviewed the key management personnel by carefully designed survey questionnaire for identification of rice milling technologies and assessing financial parameters of the rice mill. The study identified rice drying and milling processes as cleaning of paddy, parboiling of cleaned paddy in parboiling plant, natural drying of parboiled paddy, milling paddy using rubber roll sheller, separation of husk, polishing of rice, separation of rice bran, separation of broken rice, weighing & bagging of rice & byproducts. The products of the semi-automatic rice mill were identified as whole rice, broken rice, husk and bran, and the recovery rates were 64%, 6%, 8% and 22%, respectively. The semi-automatic rice mill processed about 2880 tons of paddy in 250 days. The milling cost per ton of whole rice was estimated as Tk. 3578.82. The unit profit of rice milling was estimated as Tk. 9421.17 per ton of which whole rice and by-products contribution were Tk. 5621.17 and Tk. 3800 per ton of rice milled, respectively. These by-products were used in poultry, dairy fish farm and briquette manufacturing. Another by-product was ash (burnt husk), which was totally wasted. From the cost analysis it was found that the fixed cost depends on the cost of land, building cost, the machinery cost, fixed labor cost and the land user cost. Purchase price of paddy depends upon time. In harvesting season it was low, but the moisture content was high and the production of auto kura increase. In semi-automatic rice mills no moisture meter was used.  The industry is facing some problems such as inadequate supply of paddy, lack of skilled labor, irregular power supply, inadequate bank credit, high risk of product movement, inadequate storage facility, non-availability of spare parts and non-favorable government policies. Adequate business development services are to be ensured through public and private initiatives to resolve the problems. The estimated financial parameters of the semi-automatic rice mill are found to be impressive and the business seems to be sustainable.

Keywords: Rice mill, automatic, semi-automatic, financial, byproduct, paddy

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: zakzuberi@gmail.com (Md. Zakir Hossain)

Cite this article: H. A. Khan, R. Jahan, M. Z. Hossain, M. A. Mannan, M. R. Haque, N. I. Toma and M. N. Alam (2018). Financial performance evaluation of a semi-automatic rice mill. Intl. J. Appl. Res. 4, 103-113.