Volume 10 Issue 1

Jonathan L. Maǹas, Celestina SM Yago

College of Education, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Philippines

Given the ongoing nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, students are compelled to adapt to diverse academic challenges and faced existing obstacles. This capacity to thrive through such challenges is termed academic resilience.This study aimed to identify the relationship between the academic profile and the post-pandemic level of academic resilience of the in-person teacher-interns of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, San Isidro Campus, during the 2^ndsemester of A.Y. 2022-2023. The academic profile of the respondents in terms of their final grades in Teaching Internship and Course Audit was identified. The level of their academic resilience in terms of perseverance, reflection, and adaptive-seeking assistance was also identified. The results of the study revealed that the academic performance of the in-person teacher-interns was very satisfactory and their level of academic resilience was very high even after the onset of the pandemic. However, the results also revealed that there was no significant relationship between the academic performance and the post-pandemic level of academic resilience of the in-person teacher-interns of the College of Education of NEUST San Isidro Campus.

Keywords: Academic performance, academic resilience, post-pandemic, teaching internship.

Corresponding author: J.L. Maǹas
E-mail address: mrjonathanlm@gmail.com

Cite this article: Maǹas, J.L. & Yago, C.S.M. (2024). Post-pandemic academic resilience of the in-person teacher-interns. International Journal of Applied Research, 10(1): 01-08. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12593524.

Morsheda Nasrin, Faria Haque Antora, Mst. Moriom Akhter Mim, Mm. Kamrul Hassan Tuhin, Nusrat Jahan, Md. Farhan Labib Nobel, Md. Nazmul Hasan Siddiqi

Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

The Harderian gland plays an important role in the immunological defense of different birds and animals. The present study was undertaken to investigate the gross and histological features of the Harderian gland of Sonali chicken on 7^th day to observe its postnatal growth and development. A total of 10 Sonali chickens of 7-day-oldwere used to observe its characteristic features. The study was conducted atthe Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. The results showed that a bi-lobed, pinkish Harderian gland was located on the ventro-medial aspect of the eyeball in Sonali chicken. The average length, breadth, thickness, and weight of the Harderian gland were recorded as 11.95 mm, 2.9 mm, 1.03mm, and 16.52 mg respectively on 7^thday. The Harderian gland of 7^thday Sonali chicken was a branched compound tubulo-acinar type and covered by a thin, connective tissue capsule. The connective tissue septa penetrated and divided the gland into numerous lobes and lobules and simple columnar epithelial cells were found there. In the present study, acini lumens were mostly elongated but some were rounded, and the cell boundaries were clearly visible. The lumen of the lobules was seen as irregular. The study will contribute to the understanding of the development and functional significance of the Harderian gland in this hybrid chicken breed, providing insights that could be relevant for both avian physiology and poultry health management.

Keywords: Harderian gland, immunity, Sonali chicken, tubulo-acinar, capsule, lobules.

Corresponding author: M. N. H. Siddiqi
E-mail address: mnhsiddiqi@bau.edu.bd

Cite this article: Nasrin, M., Antora, F.H., Mim M.M.A., Tuhin, M.K.H., Jahan, N., Nobel, M.F.L. & Siddiqi, M.N.H. (2024). Histo-morphological study of Harderian gland on 7thday Sonali chicken. International Journal of Applied Research, 10(1): 09-13. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12688176.

Sultana Begum¹, Uzzal Kumar Kundu², Sharmin Begum³, Puja Rani Kundu⁴, Anirudha Paul Shirshaw⁵

¹Livestock Extension Officer, Upazila Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Harinakunda, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh
²Upazila Livestock Officer, Upazila Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Harinakunda, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh
³Genetics and Animal Breeding, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
⁴Livestock Extension Officer, District Livestock Office, Pabna, Bangladesh
⁵Intern student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh

This field study aimed to assess the effectiveness of various drugs in combating Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) among cattle while detecting the disease outbreak strategy and complications of FMD prevailing in Harinakunda Upazila of Jhenaidah district. Top of FormThis study was conducted at different areas (8 unions and 1 Paurashava) under the Upazila Livestock Office (ULO) and Veterinary Hospital of Harinakunda, Jhenaidah from March 2022 to March 2023. A total of 1500 suspected cases were investigated and 53.33% (800) of cattle were recorded FMD. The cases were treated as Group 01 Cattle (n=140): {Pheniramine Maleate BP 22.75 mg and (Procaine Benzylpenicillin BP 15 lac IU + Benylpenicillin Sodium BP 5 lac IU + Streptomycin 2.5g)}, Group 02 (n=140): (Oxytetracycline HCl USP 100mg and Pheniramine Maleate BP 22.75 mg ), Group 03 (n=140):  (Sulphadimidine Sodium BP 0.333 gm and Pheniramine Maleate BP 22.75 mg), Group 04 (n=140):  {(Procaine Penicillin BP 3000000 IU + Benzyl Penicillin Sodium BP 1000000 IU) and Pheniramine Maleate BP 22.75 mg), Group 05 (n=140): {(Amoxicillin 1g+ Calvulanic acid 200 mg) and Pheniramine Maleate BP 22.75 mg)}. Group 06 (n=100): Control (untreated). Research parameters were different drugs, seasons, geographical locations, animal sex, recovery rates, and consequences. Group A showed higher recovery rate (90%) recovery rate within 7 to 10 days followed by Group D (70-71%) within 10 days. Lowest recovery rate(50-55%) were observed in Group C in between 17 to 20 days. Group E (Pregnant animals) had an 80% improvement rate with 5% abortion.The FMD outbreak resulted in a devastating 90% mortality rate among calves. Milk production dropped by 40%, and 75-80% of cattle suffered hoof deformities. Additionally, 85% of susceptible animals from the local market spread FMD to surrounding area.

Keywords: Foot and Mouth disease (FMD); Therapeutic efficacy; Recovery percentage; Production loss.

Corresponding author: Sultana Begum
E-mail address: sultanadvm1@gmail.com

Cite this article: Begum S., Kundu, U.K., Begum, S. Kundu, P.R. & Shirshaw, A.P. (2024). Prevalence and drug efficacy against secondary bacterial infections in FMD-affected cattle in Harinakunda. International Journal of Applied Research, 10(1): 14-20. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12737993.

Md. Ashraf Ali¹, A.S.M. Atiquzzaman², Arpita Saha³, Sharifuzzaman⁴, Md. Tareq Mussa⁵

¹Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenaidah-7300
²Department of Medicine, Surgery and Theriogenology, Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenaidah-7300
³Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenaidah-7300
⁴Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenaidah-7300
⁵Department of Anatomy and Histology, Jhenidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenidah -7300, Bangladesh

To ascertain the incidence of retained placenta in does at Jhenidah Sadar Upazila, Jhenidah, Bangladesh between December 2020 and February 2021, this study on the incidence of retained placenta in goats at Jhenidah Sadar Upazila, Jhenidah was carried out. A total of 108 does with parities ranging from 1 to 5 were chosen at random. A well-structured questionnaire was used to conduct in-person interviews with the does’ owner in order to collect data. In females, the mean frequency of retained placenta was 11.11%. With 12.5% prevalence, the 3-5 year age group had the greatest incidence among the population under observation. At 7.5% for the fourth parity, the incidence was high. The occurrence of retained placenta in this study was linked to dystocia, premature birth, and dead children (26.67%, 12.5%, and 16.67%), respectively, and 6.85% without any complications. This is a baseline survey on the prevalence of retained placenta in the goat population, which will undoubtedly assist future researchers in their pursuit of more research on enhancing goat reproductive efficiency.

Keywords: Retained placenta, Goats, Incidence.

Corresponding author: Md. Ashraf Ali
E-mail address: dr.ashrafali1974@gmail.com

Cite this article: Ali, M.A., Atiquzzaman, A.S.M., Saha, A., Sharifuzzaman & Mussa, M.T. (2024). Incidence of retained placenta in goats of Jhenidah. International Journal of Applied Research, 10(1): 21-25. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12819682.

A. K. M. Harun-Or-Rashid¹, Md. Parvez Anwar², Ahmed Khairul Hasan², Md. Rezaul Amin³, Md. Romij Uddin²

¹Cotton Development Board, Farmgate, Dhaka
²Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202
³Cotton Research Station, Mahigonj, Rangpur

This study evaluated the influence of planting spacing on weed suppression and the performance of three upland cotton varieties (CB-15, CB-hybrid-1, and Rupali-1) during 2018-2019. The experiments involved ten planting spacings (90 cm × 60 cm, 90 cm × 45 cm, 90 cm × 30 cm, 75 cm × 60 cm, 75 cm × 45 cm, 75 cm × 30 cm, 60 cm × 60 cm, 60 cm × 45 cm, 60 cm × 30 cm, and 40 cm × 40 cm). The randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Results revealed that Digitaria songuilaris (Retz.) and Cyperus rotundus L. were the most dominant weed species. The variety Rupali-1 exhibited the highest weed density and dry matter, while CB-15 had the lowest. Seed cotton yield was significantly influenced by planting spacing, with the highest yield observed in CB-15 at 90 cm × 30 cm spacing, which also led to earlier squaring, flowering, and higher boll production. The variety CB-15 produced 13% and 60% higher yields compared to wider and closer spacings, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of optimized planting spacing for improved cotton yield and weed management.

Keywords: Upland cotton, Planting spacing, Weed suppression, Seed cotton yield, Cotton varieties.

Corresponding author: A. K. M. Harun-Or-Rashid
E-mail address: kbdharun@gmail.com

Cite this article: Harun-Or-Rashid, A.K.M., Anwar, M.P., Hasan, A.K., Amin, M.R. & Uddin, M.R. (2024). Influence of planting spacing on weed suppression and performance of upland cotton. International Journal of Applied Research, 10(1): 26-40. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13336599.

Mohammed Belal Uddin¹, Md. Mustafa Kamal Sarker¹, Sumina Mamtaz², Rehana Akter³

¹Nursing Instructor, Chittagong Nursing College, Chattogram
²Senior Staff Nurse, Upazila Health Complex, Fatikchari, Chattogram
³Senior Staff Nurse, One Stop Crisis Center, Chattogram Medical College Hospital

Breastfeeding is vital for reducing infant mortality and ensuring normal growth and development in children. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of breastfeeding among rural lactating mothers in Bangladesh. A total of 149 mothers attending the Upazila Health Complex in Mirsarai, Chattogram, were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were aged ≤25, 26-30, and ≥31 years, with a mean age of 25 years. Regarding knowledge, 45% had “Good Knowledge,” while 16% had “Excellent Knowledge.” In terms of attitude, 78% displayed a “Positive Attitude” toward breastfeeding, with no negative attitudes reported. In the practice domain, 43% demonstrated “Very Good Practice,” while 23% had “Excellent Practice.” Only 6% exhibited poor practices. The findings indicate that rural lactating mothers generally have positive attitudes and good breastfeeding practices, with most possessing Good to Excellent knowledge (61%). The study recommends targeted education, community support, peer counseling, and hands-on training to further enhance breastfeeding practices. Addressing barriers and conducting longitudinal studies are also suggested to sustain improvements while respecting cultural norms and values.

Keywords: Breastfeeding, Knowledge, Rural Mothers, Cross-Sectional Study.

Corresponding author: Belal Uddin
E-mail address: belaluddin43@yahoo.com

Cite this article: Uddin, M.B., Sarker, M.M.K., Mamtaz, S. & Akter, R. (2024). Breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices among rural mothers: insights from a hospital-based cross-sectional study. International Journal of Applied Research, 10 (1): 41-51. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13620010.

Endris Jemal Mohammed

Department of Geology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Science, Woldia University, Ethiopia

The present study was conducted in the northern part of the Ethiopian Plateau, specifically in Wuchalle town and its surrounding area. The study area has been facing recurrent landslide issues over the past years, prompting this research study to address the severity of landslides and related instability problems.  The main objective of this study was to evaluate landslide susceptible areas and create landslide hazard zonation map. To achieve the goals of the present study, Slope Stability Suitability Evaluation Parameter rating scheme techniques were used. Nine factors were identified as significant contributors to landslide hazards, namely: geo-materials, elevation, slope angle, structural discontinuity, land use/land cover, groundwater-surface traces, manmade activities, rain-induced manifestations, and seismicity. The Slope Stability Suitability Evaluation Parameter rating scheme technique assigns numerical ratings to each factor causing landslides based on their impact on slope instability. The total of all ratings of landslide causative factors are utilized to determine the degree of landslide hazard in a given land unit and represented as evaluated landslide hazard. Based on the evaluated landslide hazard value the study area was divided into three hazard zones: very high hazard (31.6%), high hazard (45.8%), and moderate hazard (22.6%). The accuracy of the landslide hazard map was validated by overlaying it with landslide inventory maps. Thus, the landslide hazard map generated using the Slope Stability Suitability Evaluation Parameter rating scheme method achieved a validation rate of 97.5%.

Keywords: Landslide, Causative Factors, Slope Stability, Susceptibility, Hazard Zonation.

Corresponding author: Endris Jemal Mohammed
E-mail address: mohaendjem8@gmail.com

Cite this article: Mohammed, E.J. (2024). Landslide hazard mapping in Wuchale Town, South Wollo, Ethiopia: An expert approach. International Journal of Applied Research, 10 (1): 52-65. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13621916.

Izzeddin Dawood Abdurrahman Khalil, Mukhtar Eisa Elsowar Eltahir

Department of Foreign Languages, College of Arts and Humanities, Jazan University, KSA

This Paper aims to explore effective translation methods used in translating proverbs from English into Arabic. To achieve this goal, the researcher points out three hypothesis. Firstly, linguistic problems resulting from proverb translation have direct effect on translator’s ability to find correct equivalents. Secondly, translators do not effectively deal with Linguistic problems when translating proverbs from English into Arabic, and thirdly, the novice translators lack abilities in utilizing translation methods, strategies and procedures. A questionnaire survey for English Language and translation teachers; 54 of them responded to a questionnaire composed of 22 items representing the main hypotheses of the study. The study revealed that Linguistic problems and difficulties are not effectively dealt with by translators in rend proverbs from English into Arabic. The study also revealed that most of translators are not familiar with the effective translation methods and procedures related to proverb translation and idiomatic expressions. Based on the findings of the current study, the researcher recommends that proverbs   translators should perhaps be given much more translation practice in general and practical exercises in proverbial expressions to help them to identify the most appropriate translation methods and procedures that best suit the text types, culture-based sayings and idiomatic expressions. Prior to that, courses in theories of translation and translation methods, in particular, are ought to be introduced when designing and preparing course specifications of the related subjects. That would help translators to overcome the linguistic difficulties and problems of proverb translation and hence, produce correct versions in the target language i.e. the Arabic one.

Keywords: Translation, proverbs, linguistic problems, translation methods, procedures.

Corresponding author: I. D. Abdurrahman Khalil
E-mail address: idkhalil@jazanu.edu.sa

Cite this article: Khalil, I.D.A. & Eltahir, M.E.E. (2024). Exploring translation methods, strategies and procedures used to overcome linguistic problems in translating proverbs from English into Arabic. International Journal of Applied Research, 10 (1): 41-51. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13895050.